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Matches in DBpedia 2014 for { ?s ?p Molecular pathological epidemiology (abbreviated as MPE, also called "molecular pathologic epidemiology") is a specific discipline of epidemiology, and also that of pathology. It is defined as "epidemiology of molecular pathology and heterogeneity of disease". MPE represents not only an integrative interdisciplinary (transdisciplinary or multidisciplinary) science of molecular pathology and epidemiology, but also an interface between biomedical science and public health. Pathology and epidemiology share the same goal of elucidating etiology of disease, and integrative MPE approach aims to achieve this goal simultaneously at molecular, individual, and population levels. Researchers who conduct MPE research can be referred to as molecular pathological epidemiologist (or molecular pathologic epidemiologist). Usually, MPE refers to research which utilizes tissue pathology resource and data within existing epidemiology studies. MPE started as analysis of disease patients with data of risk factors (such as smoking) and molecular pathologic findings (such as KRAS oncogene mutation in lung cancer). As advancement of technology and molecular pathology has become rapid, application of molecular pathology to epidemiology is increasingly widespread. While most molecular epidemiology studies are using conventional disease designation system, compelling evidence indicates that disease evolution represents inherently heterogeneous process differing from person to person. Essentially, each individual has a unique disease process different from any other individual (“the unique disease principle”), considering uniqueness of the exposome and its unique influence on molecular pathologic process in each individual. This principle was first described in neoplastic diseases (as "the unique tumor principle"). Studies to examine the relationship between an exposure and molecular pathologic signature of disease (particularly, cancer) became increasingly common throughout 1990s and early 2000s. However, the use of molecular pathology in epidemiology posed unique challenges including lack of standardized methodologies and guidelines as well as paucity of interdisciplinary experts and training programs. MPE research necessitates new conceptual framework and methodologies (epidemiological method) because it examines heterogeneity in an outcome variable. The use of "molecular epidemiology" for this type of research masked these challenges, and hindered the development of methods and guidelines. Furthermore, the concept of disease heterogeneity appears to conflict with the premise in epidemiology that individuals with the same disease name have similar etiologies and disease processes. Thus, a paradigm shift was needed. To resolve these issues and advance population health science in the era of molecular precision medicine, the field of MPE emerged (with the term "molecular pathological epidemiology" being coined by Shuji Ogino and Meir Stampfer). The MPE approach can be applied to not only neoplastic diseases but also non-neoplastic diseases. The MPE paradigm has been globally adopted and in widespread use. It can be regarded that molecular epidemiology broadly encompasses MPE and conventional-type molecular epidemiology with the use of traditional disease designation system (but not molecular subclassification system).In MPE, investigators dissect relationships between (A) exposures (e.g., environmental, dietary, lifestyle and genetic factors); (B) alterations in cellular or extracellular molecules (disease molecular signatures); and (C) evolution and progression of disease. As disease molecular signatures, investigators can analyze genome, methylome, epigenome, metabolome, transcriptome, proteome, microbiome, immunity, and interactome. The MPE research enables identification of a new biomarker for potential clinical utility, using a large-scale population based data (e.g., PIK3CA mutation in colorectal cancer to select patients for aspirin therapy). The MPE approach can be used as one of next steps from genome-wide association study (GWAS) (“GWAS-MPE Approach”). Detailed disease endpoint phenotyping can be conducted by means of molecular pathology or surrogate histopathology or immunohistochemistry analysis of diseased tissues and cells within GWAS. As an alternative approach, potential risk variants identified by GWAS can be examined in combination with molecular pathology analysis on diseased tissues. This GWAS-MPE approach can give not only more precise effect estimates, even larger effects, for specific molecular subtypes of the disease, but also insights into pathogenesis by linking genetic variants to molecular pathologic signatures of disease. A better understanding of heterogeneity of disease pathogenesis can help to elucidate etiologies and causations of diseases. In particular, with the emergence of MPE, a possible risk factor can now be linked to specific molecular signatures of a disease. Thus, MPE can advance the area of causal inference.Because heterogeneity of disease etiologies and pathogenesis is a ubiquitous phenomenon, the MPE paradigm will become inherent in epidemiology and population health sciences. Since molecular diagnostics is becoming routine clinical practice in the era of precision medicine, molecular pathology data will accumulate in human populations and can be utilized in a wide spectrum of epidemiology research. The International Molecular Pathological Epidemiology (MPE) Meeting Series is being organized, and the second meeting will be held on 4th and 5th days of December 2014 in Boston, USA.. }

• Molecular_pathological_epidemiology abstract "Molecular pathological epidemiology (abbreviated as MPE, also called "molecular pathologic epidemiology") is a specific discipline of epidemiology, and also that of pathology. It is defined as "epidemiology of molecular pathology and heterogeneity of disease". MPE represents not only an integrative interdisciplinary (transdisciplinary or multidisciplinary) science of molecular pathology and epidemiology, but also an interface between biomedical science and public health. Pathology and epidemiology share the same goal of elucidating etiology of disease, and integrative MPE approach aims to achieve this goal simultaneously at molecular, individual, and population levels. Researchers who conduct MPE research can be referred to as molecular pathological epidemiologist (or molecular pathologic epidemiologist). Usually, MPE refers to research which utilizes tissue pathology resource and data within existing epidemiology studies. MPE started as analysis of disease patients with data of risk factors (such as smoking) and molecular pathologic findings (such as KRAS oncogene mutation in lung cancer). As advancement of technology and molecular pathology has become rapid, application of molecular pathology to epidemiology is increasingly widespread. While most molecular epidemiology studies are using conventional disease designation system, compelling evidence indicates that disease evolution represents inherently heterogeneous process differing from person to person. Essentially, each individual has a unique disease process different from any other individual (“the unique disease principle”), considering uniqueness of the exposome and its unique influence on molecular pathologic process in each individual. This principle was first described in neoplastic diseases (as "the unique tumor principle"). Studies to examine the relationship between an exposure and molecular pathologic signature of disease (particularly, cancer) became increasingly common throughout 1990s and early 2000s. However, the use of molecular pathology in epidemiology posed unique challenges including lack of standardized methodologies and guidelines as well as paucity of interdisciplinary experts and training programs. MPE research necessitates new conceptual framework and methodologies (epidemiological method) because it examines heterogeneity in an outcome variable. The use of "molecular epidemiology" for this type of research masked these challenges, and hindered the development of methods and guidelines. Furthermore, the concept of disease heterogeneity appears to conflict with the premise in epidemiology that individuals with the same disease name have similar etiologies and disease processes. Thus, a paradigm shift was needed. To resolve these issues and advance population health science in the era of molecular precision medicine, the field of MPE emerged (with the term "molecular pathological epidemiology" being coined by Shuji Ogino and Meir Stampfer). The MPE approach can be applied to not only neoplastic diseases but also non-neoplastic diseases. The MPE paradigm has been globally adopted and in widespread use. It can be regarded that molecular epidemiology broadly encompasses MPE and conventional-type molecular epidemiology with the use of traditional disease designation system (but not molecular subclassification system).In MPE, investigators dissect relationships between (A) exposures (e.g., environmental, dietary, lifestyle and genetic factors); (B) alterations in cellular or extracellular molecules (disease molecular signatures); and (C) evolution and progression of disease. As disease molecular signatures, investigators can analyze genome, methylome, epigenome, metabolome, transcriptome, proteome, microbiome, immunity, and interactome. The MPE research enables identification of a new biomarker for potential clinical utility, using a large-scale population based data (e.g., PIK3CA mutation in colorectal cancer to select patients for aspirin therapy). The MPE approach can be used as one of next steps from genome-wide association study (GWAS) (“GWAS-MPE Approach”). Detailed disease endpoint phenotyping can be conducted by means of molecular pathology or surrogate histopathology or immunohistochemistry analysis of diseased tissues and cells within GWAS. As an alternative approach, potential risk variants identified by GWAS can be examined in combination with molecular pathology analysis on diseased tissues. This GWAS-MPE approach can give not only more precise effect estimates, even larger effects, for specific molecular subtypes of the disease, but also insights into pathogenesis by linking genetic variants to molecular pathologic signatures of disease. A better understanding of heterogeneity of disease pathogenesis can help to elucidate etiologies and causations of diseases. In particular, with the emergence of MPE, a possible risk factor can now be linked to specific molecular signatures of a disease. Thus, MPE can advance the area of causal inference.Because heterogeneity of disease etiologies and pathogenesis is a ubiquitous phenomenon, the MPE paradigm will become inherent in epidemiology and population health sciences. Since molecular diagnostics is becoming routine clinical practice in the era of precision medicine, molecular pathology data will accumulate in human populations and can be utilized in a wide spectrum of epidemiology research. The International Molecular Pathological Epidemiology (MPE) Meeting Series is being organized, and the second meeting will be held on 4th and 5th days of December 2014 in Boston, USA.".