Matches in DBpedia 2014 for { ?s ?p United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1876) was an important United States Supreme Court decision in United States constitutional law, one of the earliest to deal with the application of the Bill of Rights to state governments following the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment.The case arose during the Reconstruction Era from the 1872 Louisiana gubernatorial election which was hotly disputed, and led to both major political parties certifying their slates of local officers, and the Colfax massacre which followed. Despite a federal judge ruling that the Republican-majority legislature be seated, growing social tensions finally erupted on April 13, 1873, when an armed group of white Democrats attacked black Republican freedmen, who had gathered at the Grant Parish Courthouse in Colfax, Louisiana, to protect it from the pending Democratic takeover. Over 100 African American freedmen were killed in the massacre, compared to only an estimated three whites.Federal charges brought against several members of the white mob under the Enforcement Act of 1870, prohibiting two or more people from conspiring to deprive anyone of their constitutional rights, were appealed to the Supreme Court. Among these charges including hindering the freedmen's First Amendment right to freely assemble and their Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms. In its ruling, the Supreme Court overturned the convictions against the European-American men, holding that the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment only applies to state action, not individual citizens. The Court also ruled that the First Amendment right to assembly was not intended to limit the powers of the State governments in respect to their own citizens. In addition, the Justices ruled that the Second Amendment only restricts the power of the national government in taking away rights and that the right to keep and bear arms exists apart from the Constitution, not because of it, stating "This is not a right granted by the Constitution. Neither is it in any manner dependent upon that instrument for its existence". For the next several decades after the Cruikshank ruling, blacks citizens in the South were left at the mercy of increasingly hostile state governments, which passed laws restricting voting based on race, turned a blind eye on paramilitary groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, Knights of the White Camelia, White League and Red Shirts, and ignored any request to grant blacks the right to keep and bear arms.. }
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- United_States_v._Cruikshank abstract "United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1876) was an important United States Supreme Court decision in United States constitutional law, one of the earliest to deal with the application of the Bill of Rights to state governments following the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment.The case arose during the Reconstruction Era from the 1872 Louisiana gubernatorial election which was hotly disputed, and led to both major political parties certifying their slates of local officers, and the Colfax massacre which followed. Despite a federal judge ruling that the Republican-majority legislature be seated, growing social tensions finally erupted on April 13, 1873, when an armed group of white Democrats attacked black Republican freedmen, who had gathered at the Grant Parish Courthouse in Colfax, Louisiana, to protect it from the pending Democratic takeover. Over 100 African American freedmen were killed in the massacre, compared to only an estimated three whites.Federal charges brought against several members of the white mob under the Enforcement Act of 1870, prohibiting two or more people from conspiring to deprive anyone of their constitutional rights, were appealed to the Supreme Court. Among these charges including hindering the freedmen's First Amendment right to freely assemble and their Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms. In its ruling, the Supreme Court overturned the convictions against the European-American men, holding that the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment only applies to state action, not individual citizens. The Court also ruled that the First Amendment right to assembly was not intended to limit the powers of the State governments in respect to their own citizens. In addition, the Justices ruled that the Second Amendment only restricts the power of the national government in taking away rights and that the right to keep and bear arms exists apart from the Constitution, not because of it, stating "This is not a right granted by the Constitution. Neither is it in any manner dependent upon that instrument for its existence". For the next several decades after the Cruikshank ruling, blacks citizens in the South were left at the mercy of increasingly hostile state governments, which passed laws restricting voting based on race, turned a blind eye on paramilitary groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, Knights of the White Camelia, White League and Red Shirts, and ignored any request to grant blacks the right to keep and bear arms.".