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- Graves'_ophthalmopathy abstract "Graves' ophthalmopathy (also known as thyroid eye disease (TED), dysthyroid/thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), Graves' orbitopathy) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit around the eye, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, swelling (edema), redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and bulging eyes (proptosis).It is part of a systemic process with variable expression in the eyes, thyroid, and skin, caused by autoantibodies that bind to tissues in those organs, and, in general, occurs with hyperthyroidism. The most common form of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease. About 10% of cases do not have Graves' disease, but do have autoantibodies. The autoantibodies target the fibroblasts in the eye muscles, and those fibroblasts can differentiate into fat cells (adipocytes). Fat cells and muscles expand and become inflamed. Veins become compressed, and are unable to drain fluid, causing edema.Annual incidence is 16/100,000 in women, 3/100,000 in men.About 3-5% have severe disease with intense pain, and sight-threatening corneal ulceration or compression of the optic nerve. Cigarette smoking, which is associated with many autoimmune diseases, raises the incidence 7.7-fold.Mild disease will often resolve and merely requires measures to reduce discomfort and dryness, such as artificial tears and smoking cessation if possible. Severe cases are a medical emergency, and are treated with glucocorticoids (steroids), and sometimes ciclosporin. Many anti-inflammatory biological mediators, such as infliximab, etanercept, and anakinra are being tried, but there are no randomized controlled trials demonstrating effectiveness.".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy diseasesdb "5419".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy emedicineSubject "oph".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy emedicineTopic "237".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy icd10 "H06.2*".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy icd9 "xxx".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy meshId "D049970".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy thumbnail Proptosis_and_lid_retraction_from_Graves'_Disease.jpg?width=300.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy wikiPageExternalLink Thyroid%20Eye%20diseases.html.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy wikiPageID "6024779".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy wikiPageRevisionID "599540991".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy caption "Proptosis and lid retraction from Graves' Disease".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy diseasesdb "5419".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy emedicinesubj "oph".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy emedicinetopic "237".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy hasPhotoCollection Graves'_ophthalmopathy.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy icd "H06.2*".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy icd "xxx".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy meshid "D049970".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy name "Graves ophthalmopathy".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy wordnet_type synset-disease-noun-1.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy subject Category:Autoimmune_diseases.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy subject Category:Diseases_of_the_eye_and_adnexa.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy subject Category:Thyroid.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy subject Category:Thyroid_disease.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy type Abstraction100002137.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy type Attribute100024264.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy type Condition113920835.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy type Disease114070360.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy type IllHealth114052046.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy type Illness114061805.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy type PathologicalState114051917.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy type PhysicalCondition114034177.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy type State100024720.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy type Disease.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy type AilmentCondition.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy type Situation.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy comment "Graves' ophthalmopathy (also known as thyroid eye disease (TED), dysthyroid/thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), Graves' orbitopathy) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit around the eye, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, swelling (edema), redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and bulging eyes (proptosis).It is part of a systemic process with variable expression in the eyes, thyroid, and skin, caused by autoantibodies that bind to tissues in those organs, and, in general, occurs with hyperthyroidism. ".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy label "Endokrine Orbitopathie".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy label "Graves' ophthalmopathy".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy label "Oftalmopatia di Graves".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy label "Orbitopatia tarczycowa".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy label "مرض العين الدرقي".
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy sameAs Endokrine_Orbitopathie.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy sameAs Oftalmopatia_di_Graves.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy sameAs Orbitopatia_tarczycowa.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy sameAs m.0fl3qm.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy sameAs Q1340722.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy sameAs Q1340722.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy sameAs Graves'_ophthalmopathy.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy wasDerivedFrom Graves'_ophthalmopathy?oldid=599540991.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy depiction Proptosis_and_lid_retraction_from_Graves'_Disease.jpg.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy isPrimaryTopicOf Graves'_ophthalmopathy.
- Graves'_ophthalmopathy name "Graves ophthalmopathy".