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- Harmala_alkaloid abstract "Several alkaloids that function as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are found in the seeds of Peganum harmala (also known as Harmal or Syrian Rue), including harmine, harmaline, and harmalol, which are members of a group of substances with a similar chemical structure collectively known as harmala alkaloids. These alkaloids are of interest for their use in Amazonian shamanism, where they are derived from other plants. The harmala alkaloid harmine which was once known as Telepathine and Banisterine is a naturally occurring beta-carboline alkaloid that is structurally related to harmaline, and also found in the vine Banisteriopsis caapi. Tetrahydroharmine is also found in B. caapi and P. harmala. Dr. Alexander Shulgin has suggested that harmine may be a breakdown product of harmaline. Harmine and harmaline are reversible MAOIs of the MAO-A isoform of the enzyme, and can stimulate the central nervous system by inhibiting the metabolism of monoamine compounds such as serotonin and norepinephrine.The harmala alkaloids occur in Peganum harmala in concentrations of roughly 3%, though tests have documented anywhere from 2-7% or even higher, as natural sources tend to vary widely in chemical makeup. Harmala alkaloids are also found in the Banisteriopsis caapi vine, the key plant ingredient in the sacramental beverage Ayahuasca, in concentrations that range between 0.31-8.43% for harmine, 0.03-0.83% for harmaline and 0.05-2.94% for tetrahydroharmine. Although other psychoactive plants are occasionally added to Ayahuasca to achieve visionary states of consciousness, the recipes vary greatly and no single combination is common. Peganum harmala, normally consumed as a tea or used as an incense, is mentioned multiple times in the Koran[citation needed] and in classical Persian literature both as a sacred sacrament and as a medicine. The harmala alkaloids are not especially psychoactive, even at higher dosages, when vomiting and diarrhea become the main effect.Harmala alkaloids are also found in many other plants, such as tobacco and passion flower. The leaves of P. incarnata have been reported variously to give 0.005%, 0.12 mg%, and nil, of harman alkaloids.".
- Harmala_alkaloid thumbnail Peganum_harmala1.jpg?width=300.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageExternalLink read.php?domain=tk&id=54.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageID "906175".
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageRevisionID "601805856".
- Harmala_alkaloid hasPhotoCollection Harmala_alkaloid.
- Harmala_alkaloid subject Category:Alkaloids.
- Harmala_alkaloid subject Category:Ayahuasca.
- Harmala_alkaloid subject Category:Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitors.
- Harmala_alkaloid type Agent114778436.
- Harmala_alkaloid type Antidepressant102718811.
- Harmala_alkaloid type CausalAgent100007347.
- Harmala_alkaloid type Drug103247620.
- Harmala_alkaloid type Matter100020827.
- Harmala_alkaloid type Medicine103740161.
- Harmala_alkaloid type MonoamineOxidaseInhibitor103783017.
- Harmala_alkaloid type MonoamineOxidaseInhibitors.
- Harmala_alkaloid type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Harmala_alkaloid type Substance100020090.
- Harmala_alkaloid comment "Several alkaloids that function as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are found in the seeds of Peganum harmala (also known as Harmal or Syrian Rue), including harmine, harmaline, and harmalol, which are members of a group of substances with a similar chemical structure collectively known as harmala alkaloids. These alkaloids are of interest for their use in Amazonian shamanism, where they are derived from other plants.".
- Harmala_alkaloid label "Alcaloidi armalinici".
- Harmala_alkaloid label "Harmala alkaloid".
- Harmala_alkaloid label "Harman-Alkaloide".
- Harmala_alkaloid label "Harmane".
- Harmala_alkaloid label "Harmano".
- Harmala_alkaloid label "Tetrahidroharmina".
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Harman-Alkaloide.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Tetrahidroharmina.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Harmane.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Alcaloidi_armalinici.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Harmano.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs m.03npcp.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Q135149.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Q135149.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Harmala_alkaloid.
- Harmala_alkaloid wasDerivedFrom Harmala_alkaloid?oldid=601805856.
- Harmala_alkaloid depiction Peganum_harmala1.jpg.
- Harmala_alkaloid isPrimaryTopicOf Harmala_alkaloid.
