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- Historian's_fallacy abstract "The historian's fallacy is an informal fallacy that occurs when one assumes that decision makers of the past viewed events from the same perspective and having the same information as those subsequently analyzing the decision. It is not to be confused with presentism, a mode of historical analysis in which present-day ideas (such as moral standards) are projected into the past.The fallacy was outlined in 1970 by David Hackett Fischer, who suggested it was analogous to William James's psychologist's fallacy. Fischer did not suggest that historians should refrain from retrospective analysis in their work, but he reminded historians that their subjects were not able to see into the future. As an example, he cited the well-known argument that Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor should have been predictable in the United States because of the many indications that an attack was imminent. What this argument overlooks, says Fischer, citing the work of Roberta Wohlstetter, is that there were innumerable conflicting signs which suggested possibilities other than an attack on Pearl Harbor. Only in retrospect do the warning signs seem obvious; signs which pointed in other directions tend to be forgotten. (See also: hindsight bias.)In the field of military history, historians sometimes use what is known as the "fog of war technique" in hopes of avoiding the historian's fallacy. In this approach, the actions and decisions of the historical subject (such as a military commander) are evaluated primarily on the basis of what that person knew at the time, and not on future developments that the person could not have known. According to Fischer, this technique was pioneered by the American historian Douglas Southall Freeman in his influential biographies of Robert E. Lee and George Washington.".
- Historian's_fallacy wikiPageID "848901".
- Historian's_fallacy wikiPageRevisionID "573457366".
- Historian's_fallacy hasPhotoCollection Historian's_fallacy.
- Historian's_fallacy subject Category:1970_introductions.
- Historian's_fallacy subject Category:Historiography.
- Historian's_fallacy subject Category:Informal_fallacies.
- Historian's_fallacy type Abstraction100002137.
- Historian's_fallacy type Cognition100023271.
- Historian's_fallacy type Content105809192.
- Historian's_fallacy type Fallacy105893916.
- Historian's_fallacy type Idea105833840.
- Historian's_fallacy type LogicalFallacies.
- Historian's_fallacy type LogicalFallacy105894143.
- Historian's_fallacy type Misconception105893653.
- Historian's_fallacy type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Historian's_fallacy comment "The historian's fallacy is an informal fallacy that occurs when one assumes that decision makers of the past viewed events from the same perspective and having the same information as those subsequently analyzing the decision.".
- Historian's_fallacy label "Falacia del historiador".
- Historian's_fallacy label "Historian's fallacy".
- Historian's_fallacy label "史學家謬誤".
- Historian's_fallacy sameAs Falacia_del_historiador.
- Historian's_fallacy sameAs m.03gwjn.
- Historian's_fallacy sameAs Q2917166.
- Historian's_fallacy sameAs Q2917166.
- Historian's_fallacy sameAs Historian's_fallacy.
- Historian's_fallacy wasDerivedFrom Historian's_fallacy?oldid=573457366.
- Historian's_fallacy isPrimaryTopicOf Historian's_fallacy.