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- John_Brown_(abolitionist) abstract "John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was a white American abolitionist who believed armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States. During the 1856 conflict in Kansas, Brown commanded forces at the Battle of Black Jack and the Battle of Osawatomie. Brown's followers also killed five slavery supporters at Pottawatomie. In 1859, Brown led an unsuccessful raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry that ended with his capture. Brown's trial resulted in his conviction and a sentence of death by hanging.Brown's attempt in 1859 to start a liberation movement among enslaved African Americans in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, electrified the nation. He was tried for treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, the murder of five men and inciting a slave insurrection. He was found guilty on all counts and was hanged. Southerners alleged that his rebellion was the tip of the abolitionist iceberg and represented the wishes of the Republican Party to end slavery. Historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid in 1859 escalated tensions that, a year later, led to secession and the American Civil War.Brown first gained attention when he led small groups of volunteers during the Bleeding Kansas crisis. Unlike most other Northerners, who advocated peaceful resistance to the pro-slavery faction, Brown believed that peaceful resistance was shown to be ineffective and that the only way to defeat the oppressive system of slavery was through violent insurrection. He believed he was the instrument of God's wrath in punishing men for the sin of owning slaves.Dissatisfied with the pacifism encouraged by the organized abolitionist movement, he said, "These men are all talk. What we need is action—action!" During the Kansas campaign, he and his supporters killed five pro-slavery southerners in what became known as the Pottawatomie Massacre in May 1856 in response to the raid on the "free soil" city of Lawrence, Kansas. In 1859 he led a raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry. During the raid, he seized the armory; seven people were killed, and ten or more were injured. He intended to arm slaves with weapons from the arsenal, but the attack failed. Within 36 hours, Brown's men had fled or been killed or captured by local pro-slavery farmers, militiamen, and U.S. Marines led by Robert E. Lee. Brown's subsequent capture by federal forces seized the nation's attention, as Southerners feared it was just the first of many Northern plots to cause a slave rebellion that might endanger their lives, while Republicans dismissed the notion and said they would not interfere with slavery in the South.Historians agree John Brown played a major role in the start of the Civil War. Historian David Potter has said the emotional effect of Brown's raid was greater than the philosophical effect of the Lincoln–Douglas debates, and that his raid revealed a deep division between North and South. Some writers, such as Bruce Olds, describe him as a monomaniacal zealot; others, such as Stephen B. Oates, regard him as "one of the most perceptive human beings of his generation." David S. Reynolds hails the man who "killed slavery, sparked the civil war, and seeded civil rights" and Richard Owen Boyer emphasizes that Brown was "an American who gave his life that millions of other Americans might be free." The song "John Brown's Body" made him a heroic martyr and was a popular Union marching song during the Civil War.Brown's actions prior to the Civil War as an abolitionist, and the tactics he chose, still make him a controversial figure today. He is sometimes memorialized as a heroic martyr and a visionary and sometimes vilified as a madman and a terrorist. Historians debate whether he was "America's first domestic terrorist"; many historians believe the term "terrorist" is an inappropriate label to describe Brown.".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) birthDate "1800-05-09".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) birthPlace Connecticut.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) birthPlace Torrington,_Connecticut.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) birthYear "1800".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) deathCause Capital_punishment.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) deathDate "1859-12-02".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) deathPlace Charles_Town,_West_Virginia.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) deathPlace Virginia.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) deathYear "1859".
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- John_Brown_(abolitionist) restingPlace John_Brown_Farm_and_Gravesite.
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- John_Brown_(abolitionist) birthDate "1800-05-09".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) birthPlace "Torrington, Connecticut, U.S.".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) caption "An 1846 daguerreotype of Brown.".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) children "20".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col Barclay_Coppock.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col Lewis_Sheridan_Leary.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "Dangerfield Newby".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "Dauphin Osgood Thompson".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "Jeremiah Goldsmith Anderson".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "John A. Copeland, Jr.".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "John Anderson".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "John Brown".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "John E. Cook".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "John Henry Kagi".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "Oliver Brown".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "Shields Green".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "Stewart Taylor".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "Watson Brown".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "William H. Leeman".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) col "William Thompson . For an account of his capture, see "Seven Marstellers and their lineal descendants" by Rev. John Andrew Thompson Marsteller".
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- John_Brown_(abolitionist) dateOfBirth "1800-05-09".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) dateOfDeath "1859-12-02".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) deathCause "Execution by Hanging".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) deathDate "1859-12-02".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) deathPlace "Charles Town, Virginia, U.S.".
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- John_Brown_(abolitionist) knownFor John_Brown's_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) knownFor Pottawatomie_Massacre.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) name "Brown, John".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) name "John Brown".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) placeOfBirth Torrington,_Connecticut.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) placeOfDeath Charles_Town,_West_Virginia.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) quote "" [...] had I so interfered in behalf of the rich, the powerful, the intelligent, the so-called great, or in behalf of any of their friends, either father, mother, brother, sister, wife, or children, or any of that class, and suffered and sacrificed what I have in this interference, it would have been all right; and every man in this court would have deemed it an act worthy of reward rather than punishment. This court acknowledges, as I suppose, the validity of the law of God. I see a book kissed here which I suppose to be the Bible, or at least the New Testament. That teaches me that all things whatsoever I would that men should do to me, I should do even so to them. It teaches me, further, to "remember them that are in bonds, as bound with them." I endeavored to act up to that instruction. I say, I am yet too young to understand that God is any respecter of persons. I believe that to have interfered as I have done as I have always freely admitted I have done in behalf of His despised poor, was not wrong, but right. Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my children and with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I submit; so let it be done!"".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) restingPlace John_Brown_Farm_and_Gravesite.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) shortDescription "American revolutionary abolitionist".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) signature "John Brown signature.svg".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) source "--John Brown, in his speech following the conviction".
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- John_Brown_(abolitionist) description "American revolutionary abolitionist".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) description "American revolutionary abolitionist".
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) subject Category:1800_births.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) subject Category:1859_deaths.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) subject Category:19th-century_executions_by_the_United_States.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) subject Category:19th-century_executions_of_American_people_by_hanging.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) subject Category:American_Calvinist_and_Reformed_Christians.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) subject Category:American_Congregationalists.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) subject Category:American_abolitionists.
- John_Brown_(abolitionist) subject Category:American_folklore.