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- Prisoner's_dilemma abstract "The prisoners' dilemma is a canonical example of a game analyzed in game theory that shows why two individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interests to do so. It was originally framed by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher working at RAND in 1950. Albert W. Tucker formalized the game with prison sentence rewards and gave it the name "prisoner's dilemma" (Poundstone, 1992), presenting it as follows:Two members of a criminal gang are arrested and imprisoned. Each prisoner is in solitary confinement with no means of speaking to or exchanging messages with the other. The police admit they don't have enough evidence to convict the pair on the principal charge. They plan to sentence both to a year in prison on a lesser charge. Simultaneously, the police offer each prisoner a Faustian bargain. Each prisoner is given the opportunity either to betray the other, by testifying that the other committed the crime, or to cooperate with the other by remaining silent. Here's how it goes: If A and B both betray the other, each of them serves 2 years in prison If A betrays B but B remains silent, A will be set free and B will serve 3 years in prison (and vice versa) If A and B both remain silent, both of them will only serve 1 year in prison (on the lesser charge)It's implied that the prisoners will have no opportunity to reward or punish their partner other than the prison sentences they get, and that their decision won't affect their reputation in future. Because betraying a partner offers a greater reward than cooperating with them, all purely rational self-interested prisoners would betray the other, and so the only possible outcome for two purely rational prisoners is for them to betray each other. The interesting part of this result is that pursuing individual reward logically leads both of the prisoners to betray, when they would get a better reward if they both cooperated. In reality, humans display a systematic bias towards cooperative behavior in this and similar games, much more so than predicted by simple models of "rational" self-interested action. A model based on a different kind of rationality, where people forecast how the game would be played if they formed coalitions and then they maximize their forecasts, has been shown to make better predictions of the rate of cooperation in this and similar games given only the payoffs of the game.There is also an extended "iterative" version of the game, where the classic game is played over and over between the same prisoners, and consequently, both prisoners continuously have an opportunity to penalize the other for previous decisions. If the number of times the game will be played is known to the players, then (by backward induction) two purely rational prisoners will betray each other repeatedly, for the same reasons as the classic version. In an infinite or unknown length game there is no fixed optimum strategy, and Prisoner's Dilemma tournaments have been held to compete and test algorithms.The prisoner's dilemma game can be used as a model for many real world situations involving cooperative behaviour. In casual usage, the label "prisoner's dilemma" may be applied to situations not strictly matching the formal criteria of the classic or iterative games: for instance, those in which two entities could gain important benefits from cooperating or suffer from the failure to do so, but find it merely difficult or expensive, not necessarily impossible, to coordinate their activities to achieve cooperation.".
- Prisoner's_dilemma wikiPageExternalLink The_Prisoner_s_Dilemma.html.
- Prisoner's_dilemma wikiPageExternalLink prisoner-dilemma.
- Prisoner's_dilemma wikiPageExternalLink PrisonersDilemma.html.
- Prisoner's_dilemma wikiPageExternalLink 15.htm.
- Prisoner's_dilemma wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=I71mjZefg8g.
- Prisoner's_dilemma wikiPageID "43717".
- Prisoner's_dilemma wikiPageRevisionID "605887578".
- Prisoner's_dilemma hasPhotoCollection Prisoner's_dilemma.
- Prisoner's_dilemma subject Category:Dilemmas.
- Prisoner's_dilemma subject Category:Environmental_studies.
- Prisoner's_dilemma subject Category:Game_theory.
- Prisoner's_dilemma subject Category:Thought_experiments.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Abstraction100002137.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Act100030358.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Activity100407535.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Attribute100024264.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type CognitiveState105669934.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Condition113920835.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Confusion105683582.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Dilemma105686086.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Dilemmas.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Event100029378.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Experiment100639556.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Investigation100633864.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Perplexity105685363.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type PsychologicalState114373582.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Research100636921.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type ScientificResearch100641820.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type State100024720.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type ThoughtExperiments.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type Work100575741.
- Prisoner's_dilemma type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Prisoner's_dilemma comment "The prisoners' dilemma is a canonical example of a game analyzed in game theory that shows why two individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interests to do so. It was originally framed by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher working at RAND in 1950. Albert W. Tucker formalized the game with prison sentence rewards and gave it the name "prisoner's dilemma" (Poundstone, 1992), presenting it as follows:Two members of a criminal gang are arrested and imprisoned.".
- Prisoner's_dilemma label "Dilema del prisionero".
- Prisoner's_dilemma label "Dilema do prisioneiro".
- Prisoner's_dilemma label "Dilemma del prigioniero".
- Prisoner's_dilemma label "Dilemme du prisonnier".
- Prisoner's_dilemma label "Dylemat więźnia".
- Prisoner's_dilemma label "Gefangenendilemma".
- Prisoner's_dilemma label "Gevangenendilemma".
- Prisoner's_dilemma label "Prisoner's dilemma".
- Prisoner's_dilemma label "Дилемма заключённого".
- Prisoner's_dilemma label "معضلة السجينين".
- Prisoner's_dilemma label "囚人のジレンマ".
- Prisoner's_dilemma label "囚徒困境".
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs Vězňovo_dilema.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs Gefangenendilemma.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs Dilema_del_prisionero.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs Dilemme_du_prisonnier.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs Dilema_tahanan.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs Dilemma_del_prigioniero.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs 囚人のジレンマ.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs 죄수의_딜레마.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs Gevangenendilemma.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs Dylemat_więźnia.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs Dilema_do_prisioneiro.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs m.0byn9.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs Q41693.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs Q41693.
- Prisoner's_dilemma sameAs Prisoner's_dilemma.
- Prisoner's_dilemma wasDerivedFrom Prisoner's_dilemma?oldid=605887578.
- Prisoner's_dilemma isPrimaryTopicOf Prisoner's_dilemma.