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- Apothecaries'_system abstract "The apothecaries' system of weights is a historical system of mass units that were used by physicians and apothecaries for medical recipes, and also sometimes by scientists. The English version of the system is closely related with the English troy system of weights, the pound and grain being exactly the same in both. It divides a pound into 12 ounces, an ounce into 8 drachms, and a drachm into 3 scruples or 60 grains.This exact form of the system was used in the United Kingdom; in some of its former colonies it survived well into the 20th century. The apothecaries' system of measures is a similar system of volume units based on the fluid ounce.For a long time, medical recipes were written in Latin, often using special symbols to denote weights and measures. The use of different measure and weight systems depending on the purpose was an almost universal phenomenon in Europe between the decline of the Roman Empire and metrication. This was connected with international commerce, especially with the need to use the standards of the target market and to compensate for a common weighing practice that caused a difference between actual and nominal weight. In the 19th century, most European countries or cities still had at least a "commercial" or "civil" system (such as the English avoirdupois system) for general trading, and a second system (such as the troy system) for precious metals such as gold and silver. The system for precious metals was usually divided in a different way from the commercial system, often using special units such as the carat. More significantly, it was often based on different weight standards.The apothecaries' system often used the same ounces as the precious metals system, although even then the number of ounces in a pound could be different. The apothecaries' pound was divided into its own special units, which were inherited (via influential treatises of Greek physicians such as Dioscorides and Galen, 1st and 2nd century) from the general-purpose weight system of the Romans. Where the apothecaries' weights and the normal commercial weights were different, it was not always clear which of the two systems was used in trade between merchants and apothecaries, or by which system apothecaries weighed medicine when they actually sold it. In old merchants' handbooks the former system is sometimes referred to as the pharmaceutical system, and distinguished from the apothecaries' system.".
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- Apothecaries'_system wikiPageExternalLink aihpAC10.pdf.
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- Apothecaries'_system wikiPageExternalLink Apothecaries.htm.
- Apothecaries'_system wikiPageExternalLink medical.html.
- Apothecaries'_system wikiPageExternalLink 08Court.pdf.
- Apothecaries'_system wikiPageID "1201381".
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- Apothecaries'_system hasPhotoCollection Apothecaries'_system.
- Apothecaries'_system subject Category:History_of_medicine.
- Apothecaries'_system subject Category:Obsolete_units_of_measurement.
- Apothecaries'_system subject Category:Pharmacy.
- Apothecaries'_system subject Category:Units_of_mass.
- Apothecaries'_system type Abstraction100002137.
- Apothecaries'_system type DefiniteQuantity113576101.
- Apothecaries'_system type Measure100033615.
- Apothecaries'_system type ObsoleteUnitsOfMeasure.
- Apothecaries'_system type UnitOfMeasurement113583724.
- Apothecaries'_system type UnitsOfMass.
- Apothecaries'_system comment "The apothecaries' system of weights is a historical system of mass units that were used by physicians and apothecaries for medical recipes, and also sometimes by scientists. The English version of the system is closely related with the English troy system of weights, the pound and grain being exactly the same in both.".
- Apothecaries'_system label "Apothecaries' system".
- Apothecaries'_system label "Apothekergewicht".
- Apothecaries'_system label "Escrópulo (volume)".
- Apothecaries'_system label "Escrúpulo líquido".
- Apothecaries'_system label "Аптекарский вес".
- Apothecaries'_system label "薬衡".
- Apothecaries'_system sameAs Apothekergewicht.
- Apothecaries'_system sameAs Escrúpulo_líquido.
- Apothecaries'_system sameAs 薬衡.
- Apothecaries'_system sameAs Escrópulo_(volume).
- Apothecaries'_system sameAs m.04gtzg.
- Apothecaries'_system sameAs Q620565.
- Apothecaries'_system sameAs Q620565.
- Apothecaries'_system sameAs Apothecaries'_system.
- Apothecaries'_system wasDerivedFrom Apothecaries'_system?oldid=603295320.
- Apothecaries'_system depiction DBP_1991_1490-R.JPG.
- Apothecaries'_system isPrimaryTopicOf Apothecaries'_system.
