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- Benchmark_(surveying) abstract "The term bench mark, or benchmark, originates from the chiseled horizontal marks that surveyors made in stone structures, into which an angle-iron could be placed to form a "bench" for a leveling rod, thus ensuring that a leveling rod could be accurately repositioned in the same place in the future. These marks were usually indicated with a chiseled arrow below the horizontal line.The term is generally applied to any item used to mark a point as an elevation reference. Frequently, bronze or aluminum disks are set in stone or concrete, or on rods driven deeply into the earth to provide a stable elevation point.The height of a benchmark is calculated relative to the heights of nearby benchmarks in a network extending from a fundamental benchmark. A fundamental benchmark is a point with a precisely known relationship to the level datum of the area, typically mean sea level. The position and height of each benchmark is shown on large-scale maps.The terms "height" and "elevation" are often used interchangeably, but in many jurisdictions they have specific meanings; "height" commonly refers to a local or relative difference in the vertical (such as the height of a building), whereas "elevation" refers to the difference from a nominated reference surface (such as sea-level, or a mathematical/geodetic model that approximates the sea level known as the geoid). Elevation may be specified as normal height (above a reference ellipsoid), orthometric height, or dynamic height which have slightly different definitions.".
- Benchmark_(surveying) thumbnail BmEd.jpg?width=300.
- Benchmark_(surveying) wikiPageExternalLink index.php.
- Benchmark_(surveying) wikiPageExternalLink benchmarks.scaredycatfilms.com.
- Benchmark_(surveying) wikiPageExternalLink www.bench-marks.org.uk.
- Benchmark_(surveying) wikiPageExternalLink hist_e.php.
- Benchmark_(surveying) wikiPageExternalLink index_e.php.
- Benchmark_(surveying) wikiPageExternalLink bench-marks-and-levelling-points.
- Benchmark_(surveying) wikiPageExternalLink types.htm.
- Benchmark_(surveying) wikiPageID "1980869".
- Benchmark_(surveying) wikiPageRevisionID "593233574".
- Benchmark_(surveying) hasPhotoCollection Benchmark_(surveying).
- Benchmark_(surveying) subject Category:Geodesy.
- Benchmark_(surveying) subject Category:Surveying.
- Benchmark_(surveying) type Place.
- Benchmark_(surveying) type Wikidata:Q532.
- Benchmark_(surveying) type Place.
- Benchmark_(surveying) type Location.
- Benchmark_(surveying) comment "The term bench mark, or benchmark, originates from the chiseled horizontal marks that surveyors made in stone structures, into which an angle-iron could be placed to form a "bench" for a leveling rod, thus ensuring that a leveling rod could be accurately repositioned in the same place in the future. These marks were usually indicated with a chiseled arrow below the horizontal line.The term is generally applied to any item used to mark a point as an elevation reference.".
- Benchmark_(surveying) label "Benchmark (surveying)".
- Benchmark_(surveying) label "Meetspijker".
- Benchmark_(surveying) label "Point géodésique".
- Benchmark_(surveying) label "Reper (geodezja)".
- Benchmark_(surveying) label "Vermessungspunkt".
- Benchmark_(surveying) label "Репер (геодезия)".
- Benchmark_(surveying) label "水准点".
- Benchmark_(surveying) label "水準点".
- Benchmark_(surveying) sameAs Nivelační_bod.
- Benchmark_(surveying) sameAs Vermessungspunkt.
- Benchmark_(surveying) sameAs Point_géodésique.
- Benchmark_(surveying) sameAs 水準点.
- Benchmark_(surveying) sameAs Meetspijker.
- Benchmark_(surveying) sameAs Reper_(geodezja).
- Benchmark_(surveying) sameAs m.06bplm.
- Benchmark_(surveying) sameAs Q1161707.
- Benchmark_(surveying) sameAs Q1161707.
- Benchmark_(surveying) wasDerivedFrom Benchmark_(surveying)?oldid=593233574.
- Benchmark_(surveying) depiction BmEd.jpg.
- Benchmark_(surveying) isPrimaryTopicOf Benchmark_(surveying).
