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• 2009_flu_pandemic abstract "The 2009 flu pandemic or swine flu was an influenza pandemic, and the second of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus (the first of them being the 1918 flu pandemic), albeit in a new version. First described in April 2009, the virus appeared to be a new strain of H1N1 which resulted when a previous triple reassortment of bird, swine and human flu viruses further combined with a Eurasian pig flu virus, leading to the term "swine flu". Unlike most strains of influenza, H1N1 does not disproportionately infect adults older than 60 years; this was an unusual and characteristic feature of the H1N1 pandemic. Even in the case of previously very healthy persons, a small percentage will develop pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This manifests itself as increased breathing difficulty and typically occurs 3–6 days after initial onset of flu symptoms. The pneumonia caused by flu can be either direct viral pneumonia or a secondary bacterial pneumonia. In fact, a November 2009 New England Journal of Medicine article recommends that flu patients whose chest X-ray indicates pneumonia receive both antivirals and antibiotics. In particular, it is a warning sign if a child (and presumably an adult) seems to be getting better and then relapses with high fever, as this relapse may be bacterial pneumonia.Initially coined an "outbreak", the stint began in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, with evidence that there had been an ongoing epidemic for months before it was officially recognized as such. The Mexican government closed most of Mexico City's public and private facilities in an attempt to contain the spread of the virus; however, it continued to spread globally, and clinics in some areas were overwhelmed by infected people. In June, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. CDC stopped counting cases and declared the outbreak a pandemic.Despite being informally called "swine flu", the H1N1 flu virus cannot be spread by eating pork or pork products; similar to other influenza viruses, it is typically contracted by person to person transmission through respiratory droplets. Symptoms usually last 4–6 days. Antivirals (oseltamivir or zanamivir) were recommended for those with more severe symptoms or those in an at-risk group.The pandemic began to taper off in November 2009, and by May 2010, the number of cases was in steep decline. On 10 August 2010, the Director-General of the WHO, Margaret Chan, announced the end of the H1N1 pandemic, and announced that the H1N1 influenza event has moved into the post-pandemic period. According to the latest WHO statistics (July 2010), the virus has killed more than 18,000 people since it appeared in April 2009, however they state that the total mortality (including deaths unconfirmed or unreported) from the H1N1 strain is "unquestionably higher". Critics claimed the WHO had exaggerated the danger, spreading "fear and confusion" rather than "immediate information". The WHO began an investigation to determine whether it had "frightened people unnecessarily". A flu followup study done in September 2010, found that "the risk of most serious complications was not elevated in adults or children." In an 5 August 2011 PLoS ONE article, researchers estimated that the 2009 H1N1 global infection rate was 11% to 21%, lower than what was previously expected. However, by 2012, research showed that as many as 579,000 people could have been killed by the disease, as only those fatalities confirmed by laboratory testing were included in the original number, and meant that many of those without access to health facilities went uncounted. The majority of these deaths occurred in Africa and Southeast Asia. Experts, including the WHO, have agreed that an estimated 284,500 people were killed by the disease, much higher than the initial death toll.".
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• 2009_flu_pandemic caption "Electron microscope image of the reassorted H1N1 influenza virus. The viruses are ~100 nanometres in diameter.".
• 2009_flu_pandemic emedicinesubj "article".
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• 2009_flu_pandemic name "Pandemic H1N1/09 Influenza".
• 2009_flu_pandemic width "225".
• 2009_flu_pandemic subject Category:2000s_medical_outbreaks.
• 2009_flu_pandemic subject Category:2009_flu_pandemic.
• 2009_flu_pandemic subject Category:Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H1N1.
• 2009_flu_pandemic subject Category:Influenza_pandemics.
• 2009_flu_pandemic subject Category:Medical_emergencies.
• 2009_flu_pandemic subject Category:Pandemics.
• 2009_flu_pandemic type Disease.
• 2009_flu_pandemic type AilmentCondition.
• 2009_flu_pandemic type Situation.
• 2009_flu_pandemic comment "The 2009 flu pandemic or swine flu was an influenza pandemic, and the second of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus (the first of them being the 1918 flu pandemic), albeit in a new version. First described in April 2009, the virus appeared to be a new strain of H1N1 which resulted when a previous triple reassortment of bird, swine and human flu viruses further combined with a Eurasian pig flu virus, leading to the term "swine flu".".
• 2009_flu_pandemic label "2009 flu pandemic".
• 2009_flu_pandemic label "2009年H1N1流感大流行".
• 2009_flu_pandemic label "2009年新型インフルエンザの世界的流行".
• 2009_flu_pandemic label "Grippe A (H1N1) de 2009".
• 2009_flu_pandemic label "Mexicaanse griep".
• 2009_flu_pandemic label "Pandemia de gripe A (H1N1) de 2009-2010".
• 2009_flu_pandemic label "Pandemia de gripe A de 2009".
• 2009_flu_pandemic label "Pandemia grypy A/H1N1 w latach 2009-2010".
• 2009_flu_pandemic label "Pandemia influenzale del 2009".
• 2009_flu_pandemic label "Pandemie H1N1 2009/10".
• 2009_flu_pandemic label "Пандемия гриппа H1N1 в 2009 году".
• 2009_flu_pandemic label "وباء إنفلونزا الخنازير 2009".
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• 2009_flu_pandemic depiction H1N1_influenza_virus.jpg.
• 2009_flu_pandemic homepage DG_177831.
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• 2009_flu_pandemic name "Pandemic H1N1/09 Influenza".