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- 42_études_ou_caprices abstract "The 42 études ou caprices ("42 études or capriccios") for solo violin were composed by Rodolphe Kreutzer around 1796. While Kreutzer was a prolific composer with some 50 stage works and dozens of other pieces to his credit, he is best known as a pedagogue. Together with Pierre Baillot and Pierre Rode, he was at the center of the development of the French school of violin playing around the turn of the 19th century, which defined much of the 19th-century (and hence the modern) approach to playing the violin.The 42 études have remained a core part of the teaching repertoire since their publication, and are today perhaps the most common set of studies for intermediate and advanced students of the violin. They were written to demonstrate the possibilities of the Tourte bow, which was then innovative but has since been universally adopted, meaning Kreutzer's studies are highly applicable to the development of modern bowing technique. Another of Kreutzer's important didactic goals was developing fluency in contraction and extension of the left hand, which is also crucial to modern students of the violin.The earliest extant edition of the collection, from 1807, comprises 40 pieces. Kreutzer's authorship is broadly accepted for two other études, nos. 13 and 25, that were included in some early editions. The etudes broadly form a logical pedagogic progression, though the relatively difficult Etude No. 1 appears out of place, perhaps placed at the beginning for publication to make the studies look more challenging at first glance. It is generally considered that the correct place to start is with Etude No. 2, which is the simplest study, and some editions re-order the pieces to correct this.<score midi="1" vorbis="1">\relative a'{ \time 4/4 \tempo "1. Adagio sostenuto"a1~ ( |a2.~ a8. e'16 )e1 ~ ( |e2~ e,4 fis )}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">\relative c{ \tempo "2. Allegro moderato"c16 e g f e f d e c e g f e f d e |c e g f e f d e c d e d c d b c}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">\relative g{ \time 4/4 \tempo "3. Allegro moderato"g16 e (a) g f d g f e c (f) e d b e d |c a (d) c b g c b a f (b) a g e a g}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude4\relative c'{ \time 4/4 \tempo "4."c4 d16-. (e-. f-. g-. a2) |b,4 c16-. (d-. e-. fis-. g2)}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude5\relative g{ \time 4/4 \tempo "5. Allegro moderato"\key ees \majorg8*2/3 bes aes g f es d f ees d c bes | ees g f ees d c b d c b a g}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude6\relative c'{ \time 4/4 \tempo "6. Moderato"\key c \majorc8*2/3-. g-. e'-. c-. g'-. e-. c'-. g-. e'-. c-. g'-. e-. | c'-. c,,-. d-. e-. f-. fis-. g-. a -. b-. c -. d-. e-.}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude7\relative d{ \time 4/4 \tempo "7. Allegro assai"\key d \majord8-. d,-. fis'-. fis,-. a'-. a,-. g'-. g,-. fis'-. fis,-. e'-. e,-. d'-. d,-. cis'-. cis,-.}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude8\relative e'{ \time 6/8\tempo "8. Allegro non troppo"\key e \majore16 gis b e gis b a fis dis b a fis | e16 gis b e gis b a fis dis b a fis | e gis b e gis, b e gis b, e gis b |}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude9\relative f'{ \time 3/4\tempo "9. Allegro moderato"\key f \majorf16 ( a g a f a g a f a g a f a g a f a g a f a g a ) | bes,( d c d bes d c d bes d c d | bes d c d bes d c d bes d c d)}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude10\relative g{ \time 4/4\tempo "10."\key g \majorg8 g16 d b g d b g8 b16 g d b g d | b8 d16 b g d b g d8 g'16 d b d b g}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude11\relative b{ \time 4/4\tempo "11. Andante"\key e \majorb8*2/3 (a gis gis fis e b' a gis gis fis e) fis ( e dis dis cis b fis' e dis dis cis b)}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude12\relative a{ \time 4/4\tempo "12. Allegro moderato"\key a \minora16 (c) e a c e, a c e a, c e a c, e a c e, a c e a, c e a2}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude13\relative a{ \time 4/4\tempo "13. Moderato"\key a \majora16 (e') cis' e, cis' e, cis' (e,) a,16 (e') cis' e, cis' e, cis' (e,) | a, (fis') d' fis, d' fis, d' (fis,) a, (fis') d' fis, d' fis, d' (fis,) }</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude14\relative e{ \time 4/4\tempo "14. Moderato"\key a \majorr16 e16\upbow \p (cis-"e cantabile" a' gis e b cis d fis, d' gis, a cis b d ) |cis (e16 cis a' gis e b cis d fis, d' gis, a cis b d )}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude15\relative bes'{ \time 4/4\tempo "15. Allegro non troppo"\key bes \majorbes8\staccato \downbow \afterGrace c8\accent \trill ( { bes16 [c16] } bes8\staccato \afterGrace d8 \accent \trill { c16 [d16] }c8\staccato \afterGrace d8\accent \trill { c16 [d16] }c8\staccato \afterGrace ees8\accent \trill { d16 [ees16] }d8\staccato \afterGrace ees8\accent \trill { d16 [ees16] }d8\staccato \afterGrace f8\accent \trill { ees16 [f16] }ees8\staccato \afterGrace f8\accent \trill { ees16 [f16] }ees8\staccato \afterGrace g8\accent \trill { f16 [g16] }}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude16\relative d'{ \time 12/8\tempo "16. Moderato"\key d \majord8-. \f fis-. a-. \acciaccatura {e'8} d4 \sf \trill cis16 d16d,8-. fis-. a-. \acciaccatura {e'8} d4 \sf \trill cis16 d16cis8-. d-. e-. d-. cis-. b-. a-. e-. d-. cis-. d-. e-.}</score><score midi="1" vorbis="1">%etude17\relative b{ \time 12/8\tempo "17. Maestoso"\key bes \majorbes8-. bes'4 \trill \acciaccatura {a8} bes8-. bes,-. bes'8-.d,8-. d'4 \trill \acciaccatura {c8} d8-. d,8-. d'8-.}</score>The collection's contents is as follows:".
- 42_études_ou_caprices wikiPageID "13769137".
- 42_études_ou_caprices wikiPageRevisionID "586838592".
- 42_études_ou_caprices cname "42".
- 42_études_ou_caprices id "Caprices or Etudes".
- 42_études_ou_caprices subject Category:1796_compositions.
- 42_études_ou_caprices subject Category:Violin_études.
- 42_études_ou_caprices comment "The 42 études ou caprices ("42 études or capriccios") for solo violin were composed by Rodolphe Kreutzer around 1796. While Kreutzer was a prolific composer with some 50 stage works and dozens of other pieces to his credit, he is best known as a pedagogue.".
- 42_études_ou_caprices label "42 études ou caprices".
- 42_études_ou_caprices label "42 études ou caprices".
- 42_études_ou_caprices label "42の奇想曲もしくは練習曲".
- 42_études_ou_caprices sameAs 42_%C3%A9tudes_ou_caprices.
- 42_études_ou_caprices sameAs 42_études_ou_caprices.
- 42_études_ou_caprices sameAs 42の奇想曲もしくは練習曲.
- 42_études_ou_caprices sameAs Q2816799.
- 42_études_ou_caprices sameAs Q2816799.
- 42_études_ou_caprices wasDerivedFrom 42_études_ou_caprices?oldid=586838592.