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- Ancient_North_Arabian abstract "Ancient North Arabian is a language known from fragmentary inscriptions in modern-day Iraq, Jordan, Syria and Saudi Arabia, dating to between roughly the 6th century BC and the 6th century AD, all written in scripts derived from Epigraphic South Arabian. Pre-classical Arabic (or Old Arabic), the predecessor of Classical Arabic, seems to have coexisted with these languages in central and north Arabia.However, Arabic remained exclusively a spoken language until it was first attested in an inscription in Qaryat al-Faw (formerly Qaryat Dhat Kahil, near Sulayyil, Saudi Arabia) in the 1st century BC.Ancient North Arabian includes a number of closely related extinct dialects of pre-Islamic Arabia, summarized as Ancient or Old North Arabian (ISO 639-3 xna), including:SafaiticDedanitic/Lihyanitic (Dedanite/Lihyanite)ThamudicHasaiticHismaicTaymaniticDumaiticThe main characteristic differences between Classical Arabic (CA) and Ancient North Arabian:The definite article is h-/hn- (or zero) in Ancient North Arabian and al- in CA. However, the oldest evidence of both articles occurs in the 5th century BC, in the epithet of a goddess which Herodotus (Histories I,131; III,8) quotes in its preclassical Arabic form as Alilat (Ἀλιλάτ, i. e.,ʼal-ʼilat), and which occurs in its Ancient North Arabian form as hn-ʼlt in a number of Aramaic inscriptions. Both mean "the goddess".Verb morphology differences regarding weak roots and roots with a doubled consonant. Ancient North Arabian banaya becomes banā in CA, and bayata becomes bāta and ʼaẓlala becomes ʼaẓalla.In Dedanite, verb stem IV can occur in the form hafʻal(a) (perfect) and yuhafʻil(u) (imperfect). Dedanite also uses the Classical form of verb stem IV (ʼafʻala and yufʻilu).As in Classical Arabic, the common word order in Ancient North Arabian is VSO, but most Dedanite inscriptions show SVO order.Most Ancient North Arabian languages have 28 consonantal phonemes (similar to CA). There are, however, some variations in the s sibilants among Ancient North Arabian languages and Classical Arabic. Taymanite has only 27 phonemes (lacks the ẓ (ظ) phoneme).Nasal assimilation of the vowelless "n" occurs in some Ancient North Arabian languages: ʼintaẓar "wait" becomes ʼittaẓar, and bnt "daughter" becomes bt. (The same happens in Hebrew.)Safaitic shows considerable alternations in roots between w and y, e.g. wrḫ which becomes yrḫ "month". (This change is also characteristic of Northwest Semitic languages).Safaitic and Hismaic show a -y where CA has -ā or -āʼ, such as CA samāʼ (which means heaven or sky) which occurs as smy. This y could also indicate a diphthong (ay).Compound (non-construct) names are more frequent in Ancient North Arabian, and occur in a manner similar to that found in Northwest Semitic names. For example: ʼl-rym (ʼil-riyām): which means "high ʼil" ʼl-ntn (ʼil-natan) ntn-ʼl (natan-ʼil): which means "ʼil has given"; equivalent of Nathaniel. ṣlm-nʻmt ṣlm-ntn yhyṯʻ-nʻmt (yuhayṯiʻ-niʻmat): which means "the one who assists niʻmat". yuhayṯiʻ being the imperfect aspect of Dedanite verb stem IV (root y-ṯ-ʻ). ḫršt-nʻmt (ḫaršat-niʻmat) mt-nʻmt (this name also occurs in Phoenician inscriptions) ʼil and niʻmat being deity names.".
- Ancient_North_Arabian iso6393Code "xna".
- Ancient_North_Arabian languageFamily Arabic_languages.
- Ancient_North_Arabian languageFamily Central_Semitic_languages.
- Ancient_North_Arabian languageFamily Semitic_languages.
- Ancient_North_Arabian spokenIn Arabian_Peninsula.
- Ancient_North_Arabian thumbnail WadiRumPetroglyphs.jpg?width=300.
- Ancient_North_Arabian wikiPageExternalLink LLDescription.cfm?code=xna.
- Ancient_North_Arabian wikiPageID "8531474".
- Ancient_North_Arabian wikiPageRevisionID "602545881".
- Ancient_North_Arabian era "marginalized by Classical Arabic from the 7th century".
- Ancient_North_Arabian fam Arabic_languages.
- Ancient_North_Arabian fam Central_Semitic_languages.
- Ancient_North_Arabian fam Semitic_languages.
- Ancient_North_Arabian familycolor "Afro-Asiatic".
- Ancient_North_Arabian glotto "anci1245".
- Ancient_North_Arabian hasPhotoCollection Ancient_North_Arabian.
- Ancient_North_Arabian iso "xna".
- Ancient_North_Arabian linglist "xna".
- Ancient_North_Arabian name "Ancient North Arabian".
- Ancient_North_Arabian region Arabian_Peninsula.
- Ancient_North_Arabian script South_Arabian_alphabet.
- Ancient_North_Arabian wordnet_type synset-language-noun-1.
- Ancient_North_Arabian subject Category:Ancient_languages.
- Ancient_North_Arabian subject Category:Arabic_languages.
- Ancient_North_Arabian subject Category:History_of_the_Arabian_peninsula.
- Ancient_North_Arabian type Abstraction100002137.
- Ancient_North_Arabian type ArabicLanguages.
- Ancient_North_Arabian type Communication100033020.
- Ancient_North_Arabian type Language106282651.
- Ancient_North_Arabian type Language.
- Ancient_North_Arabian type Language.
- Ancient_North_Arabian type Language.
- Ancient_North_Arabian type InformationEntity.
- Ancient_North_Arabian comment "Ancient North Arabian is a language known from fragmentary inscriptions in modern-day Iraq, Jordan, Syria and Saudi Arabia, dating to between roughly the 6th century BC and the 6th century AD, all written in scripts derived from Epigraphic South Arabian.".
- Ancient_North_Arabian label "Ancient North Arabian".
- Ancient_North_Arabian label "Frühnordarabische Sprache".
- Ancient_North_Arabian label "Северноаравийские языки".
- Ancient_North_Arabian label "عربية شمالية قديمة".
- Ancient_North_Arabian sameAs Frühnordarabische_Sprache.
- Ancient_North_Arabian sameAs m.02pf54_.
- Ancient_North_Arabian sameAs Q1472213.
- Ancient_North_Arabian sameAs Q1472213.
- Ancient_North_Arabian sameAs Ancient_North_Arabian.
- Ancient_North_Arabian wasDerivedFrom Ancient_North_Arabian?oldid=602545881.
- Ancient_North_Arabian depiction WadiRumPetroglyphs.jpg.
- Ancient_North_Arabian isPrimaryTopicOf Ancient_North_Arabian.
- Ancient_North_Arabian name "Ancient North Arabian".