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- Angolan_Civil_War abstract "The Angolan Civil War (Portuguese: Guerra civil angolana) was a major civil conflict in the African state of Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with some interludes, until 2002. The war began immediately after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. Prior to this, a decolonisation conflict, the Angolan War of Independence (1961–74), had taken place. The following civil war was essentially a power struggle between two former liberation movements, the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). At the same time, the war served as a surrogate battleground for the Cold War and large-scale direct and indirect international involvement by opposing powers such as the Soviet Union, Cuba, South Africa and the United States was a major feature of the conflict.The MPLA and UNITA had different roots in the Angolan social fabric and mutually incompatible leaderships, despite their shared aim of ending colonial occupation. Although both had socialist leanings, for the purpose of mobilising international support they posed as "Marxist–Leninist" and "anti-communist", respectively. A third movement, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), having fought the MPLA alongside UNITA during the war for independence and the decolonization conflict, played almost no role in the Civil War. Additionally, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC), an association of separatist militant groups, fought for the independence of the province of Cabinda from Angola.The 27-year war can be divided roughly into three periods of major fighting – from 1975 to 1991, 1992 to 1994, and from 1998 to 2002 – broken up by fragile periods of peace. By the time the MPLA finally achieved victory in 2002, more than 500,000 people had died and over one million had been internally displaced. The war devastated Angola's infrastructure, and severely damaged the nation's public administration, economic enterprises, and religious institutions.The Angolan Civil War was notable due to the combination of Angola's violent internal dynamics and massive foreign intervention. The war became a Cold War struggle, as both the Soviet Union and the United States, along with their respective allies, provided significant military assistance to parties in the conflict. Moreover, the Angolan conflict became entangled with the Second Congo War in the neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as with the Namibian War of Independence.".
- Angolan_Civil_War causalties "1.56 killed".
- Angolan_Civil_War causalties "15,000 dead, wounded or missing".
- Angolan_Civil_War causalties "2,077–10,000 killed,".
- Angolan_Civil_War causalties "54 killed".
- Angolan_Civil_War causalties "Unknown".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "(1975)".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "(until 1989)".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "(until 1991)".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "23px|border MK".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "FLEC".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "FNLA".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "MPLA".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "SWAPO".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "UNITA".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander Agostinho_Neto.
- Angolan_Civil_War commander Arnaldo_Ochoa.
- Angolan_Civil_War commander B._J._Vorster.
- Angolan_Civil_War commander Fidel_Castro.
- Angolan_Civil_War commander Holden_Roberto.
- Angolan_Civil_War commander Jonas_Savimbi.
- Angolan_Civil_War commander Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos.
- Angolan_Civil_War commander L%C3%BAcio_Lara.
- Angolan_Civil_War commander Leopoldo_Cintra.
- Angolan_Civil_War commander Marais_Viljoen.
- Angolan_Civil_War commander Mobutu_Sese_Seko.
- Angolan_Civil_War commander P._W._Botha.
- Angolan_Civil_War commander Sam_Nujoma.
- Angolan_Civil_War commander Vasily_Ivanovich_Petrov.
- Angolan_Civil_War date "1975-11-11".
- Angolan_Civil_War date "2002-04-04".
- Angolan_Civil_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Cold_War.
- Angolan_Civil_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict South_African_Border_War.
- Angolan_Civil_War place Angola.
- Angolan_Civil_War result "*Dissolution of the armed forces of FNLA".
- Angolan_Civil_War result "*Immediate peace agreement and dissolution of the armed forces of UNITA in 2002".
- Angolan_Civil_War result "*Jonas Savimbi killed in 2002".
- Angolan_Civil_War result "*Participation of UNITA and FNLA, as political parties, in the new political system, from 1991/92 onwards, but civil war continues".
- Angolan_Civil_War result "*Resistance of FLEC continued beyond 2002".
- Angolan_Civil_War result "*Transition towards a multiparty political system in 1991/92".
- Angolan_Civil_War result "*Withdrawal of all foreign forces in 1989".
- Angolan_Civil_War result "MPLA victory".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "*130,000 (2001)".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "*20,000 (1976)".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "*22,000 (1975)".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "*35,000 – 37,000 (1982)".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "*4,000 – 7,000 (1976)".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "*40,000 (1976) – 70,000 (1987)".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "*60,000 (1988)".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "*65,000 (1990, highest)".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "*Altogether 11,000 (1975 to 1991 )".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "Cuban troops:".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "FNLA militants:".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "MPLA troops:".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "South African troops:".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "Soviet troops:".
- Angolan_Civil_War strength "UNITA militants:".
- Angolan_Civil_War thumbnail LocationAngola.svg?width=300.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink ?id=NOHZWdvu66sC&pg=PA34.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink document-search?keys=&field_padate_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_pacountry_tid=Angola&field_paconflict_tid%5B%5D=1.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink 549457.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink 552556.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink z?r101:E26OC9-320:.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink 123.htm.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink 1691038.html.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink Geschichte.html.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink NSAEBB67.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink fangola1975.htm.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink 281_angola.htm.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink vst-hatzky.php.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink AmSpectator-1986aug-00014?View=PDF.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink Wie_Castro_die_Revolution_exportierte__.html.
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageID "2057171".
- Angolan_Civil_War wikiPageRevisionID "606178199".
- Angolan_Civil_War casualties "1.56".
- Angolan_Civil_War casualties "15000".
- Angolan_Civil_War casualties "2077".
- Angolan_Civil_War casualties "2300".
- Angolan_Civil_War casualties "54".
- Angolan_Civil_War casualties "Over 500,000 civilians dead".
- Angolan_Civil_War casualties "Unknown".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "23".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "FLEC".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "FNLA".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "MPLA".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "SWAPO".
- Angolan_Civil_War combatant "UNITA".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander "Agostinho Neto".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander "Arnaldo Ochoa".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander "Balthazar Johannes Vorster".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander "Fidel Castro".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander "Holden Roberto".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander "Jonas Savimbi".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander "José Eduardo dos Santos".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander "Leopoldo Cintra".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander "Luiz Ranque Franque".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander "Lúcio Lara".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander "Marais Viljoen".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander "Mobutu Sese Seko".
- Angolan_Civil_War commander "Pieter Willem Botha".