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- Apical_ectodermal_ridge abstract "The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is a structure that forms from the ectodermal cells at the distal end of each limb bud and acts as a major signaling center to ensure proper development of a limb. After the limb bud induces AER formation, the AER and limb mesenchyme—including the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA)—continue to communicate with each other to direct further limb development.The position of the limb bud, and hence the AER, is specified by the expression boundaries of Hox genes in the embryonic trunk. At these positions, the induction of cell outgrowth is thought to be mediated by a positive feedback loop of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) between the intermediate mesoderm, the lateral plate mesoderm and the surface ectoderm. FGF8 in the intermediate mesoderm signals to the lateral mesoderm, restricting the expression of FGF10 through intermediate Wnt signals. Then, FGF10 in the lateral plate mesoderm signals to the surface ectoderm to create the AER, which expresses FGF8.The AER is known to express FGF2, FGF4, FGF8, and FGF9, while the limb bud mesenchyme expresses FGF2 and FGF10. Embryo manipulation experiments have shown that some of these FGFs alone are sufficient for mimicking the AER.".
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge thumbnail Limbbuddiagram.jpg?width=300.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge wikiPageExternalLink skmus7a.htm.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge wikiPageID "6239597".
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge wikiPageRevisionID "606189820".
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge caption "The apical ectodermal ridge is a thickened epithelium at the most distal end of the limb bud. The zone of polarizing activity is at the posterior part of the limb bud.".
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge code "TE E5.0.3.0.0.3.4".
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge hasPhotoCollection Apical_ectodermal_ridge.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge latin "crista ectodermalis apicalis".
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge name "Apical ectodermal ridge".
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge subject Category:Embryology.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type Abstraction100002137.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type Biology106037666.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type Cognition100023271.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type Content105809192.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type Discipline105996646.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type Embryology106071426.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type KnowledgeDomain105999266.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type LifeScience106037298.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type NaturalScience106000400.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type Science105999797.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type AnatomicalStructure.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type Embryology.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge type BiologicalObject.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge comment "The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is a structure that forms from the ectodermal cells at the distal end of each limb bud and acts as a major signaling center to ensure proper development of a limb.".
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge label "Apical ectodermal ridge".
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge label "Cresta ectodérmica apical".
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge sameAs Cresta_ectodérmica_apical.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge sameAs m.0fycsg.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge sameAs Q4779801.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge sameAs Q4779801.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge sameAs Apical_ectodermal_ridge.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge wasDerivedFrom Apical_ectodermal_ridge?oldid=606189820.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge depiction Limbbuddiagram.jpg.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge isPrimaryTopicOf Apical_ectodermal_ridge.
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge name "Apical ectodermal ridge".
- Apical_ectodermal_ridge name "crista ectodermalis apicalis".