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- Arteriole abstract "An arteriole /ɑrˈtɪəri.oʊl/ is a small diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle) and are the primary site of vascular resistance. The greatest change in blood pressure and velocity of blood flow occurs at the transition of arterioles to capillaries. This reduces the pressure and velocity of flow for gas and nutrient exchange to occur within the capillaries. Arterioles receive autonomic nervous system innervation and respond to various circulating hormones in order to regulate their diameter. Retinal vessels lack a functional sympathetic innervation.Further local responses to stretch, carbon dioxide, pH, and oxygen also influence arteriolar tone. Generally, norepinephrine and epinephrine (hormones produced by sympathetic nerves and the adrenal gland medulla)are vasoconstrictive acting on alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. However, the arterioles of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and pulmonary circulation vasodilate in response to these hormones acting on beta-adrenergic receptors. Generally, stretch and high oxygen tension increase tone,and carbon dioxide and low pH promote vasodilation. Pulmonary arterioles are a noteworthy exception as they vasodilate to high oxygen. Brain arterioles are particularly sensitive to pH with reduced pH promoting vasodilation. A number of hormones influence arteriole tone such as angiotensin II (vasoconstrictive), endothelin (vasoconstrictive), bradykinin (vasodilation), atrial natruretic peptide (vasodilation), and prostacyclin (vasodilation). Blood pressure in the arteries supplying the body is a result of the work needed to pump the cardiac output (the flow of blood pumped by the heart) through the vascular resistance, usually termed total peripheral resistance by physicians and researchers. An increase in the media to lumenal diameter ratio has been observed in hypertensive arterioles (arteriolosclerosis) as the vascular wall thickens and/or lumenal diameter decreases.".
- Arteriole thumbnail Capillary_system_CERT.jpg?width=300.
- Arteriole wikiPageID "479444".
- Arteriole wikiPageRevisionID "603317172".
- Arteriole caption "Rabbit arteriole at 100X".
- Arteriole caption "Simplified illustration of capillary system - arteries give rise to arterioles, venules from capillaries from veins.".
- Arteriole hasPhotoCollection Arteriole.
- Arteriole image "Rabbitarteriole100x1.jpg".
- Arteriole latin "arteriola".
- Arteriole name "Arteriole".
- Arteriole width "300".
- Arteriole subject Category:Angiology.
- Arteriole type AnatomicalStructure.
- Arteriole type Artery.
- Arteriole type AnimalBodyPart.
- Arteriole type Artery.
- Arteriole type BiologicalObject.
- Arteriole comment "An arteriole /ɑrˈtɪəri.oʊl/ is a small diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle) and are the primary site of vascular resistance. The greatest change in blood pressure and velocity of blood flow occurs at the transition of arterioles to capillaries.".
- Arteriole label "Arteriola".
- Arteriole label "Arteriola".
- Arteriole label "Arteriola".
- Arteriole label "Arteriole".
- Arteriole label "Arteriole".
- Arteriole label "Arteriole".
- Arteriole label "Arteríola".
- Arteriole label "Artériole".
- Arteriole label "Артериола".
- Arteriole label "小動脈".
- Arteriole label "細動脈".
- Arteriole sameAs Arteriole.
- Arteriole sameAs Arteriola.
- Arteriole sameAs Artériole.
- Arteriole sameAs Arteriola.
- Arteriole sameAs 細動脈.
- Arteriole sameAs Arteriole.
- Arteriole sameAs Arteriola.
- Arteriole sameAs Arteríola.
- Arteriole sameAs m.02fhkd.
- Arteriole sameAs Q501908.
- Arteriole sameAs Q501908.
- Arteriole wasDerivedFrom Arteriole?oldid=603317172.
- Arteriole depiction Capillary_system_CERT.jpg.
- Arteriole isPrimaryTopicOf Arteriole.
- Arteriole name "Arteriole".
- Arteriole name "arteriola".