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• Battle_of_Dreux abstract "The Battle of Dreux was fought on 19 December 1562 between Catholics and Huguenots. The Catholics were led by Anne de Montmorency while Louis I, Prince of Condé led the Huguenots.This was the first major engagement of the French Wars of Religion. The Protestant army encountered the Catholic royal army on the road to Dreux while attempting to move north into Normandy. They began with a slight disadvantage because they had not posted sufficient scouts around their march, largely because Coligny had persuaded Condé that the Catholics would not attack and therefore there was some confusion about the line of battle. Although the Catholics were superior in numbers and their infantry was much more experienced they were severely lacking in heavy cavalry, the main offensive weapon of set battles in the period. This made them cautious about engaging with the Huguenot's particularly on this battlefield which was open and gently sloping, perfect for large cavalry charges. In an effort to negate this advantage, the royal army set up a defensive position between the two villages of Blainville and Epinay. The Protestant army was organised into two lines. The first was made up of their cavalry, largely gendarmes and German reiters (pistol armed) heavy cavalry. The second line contained their infantry which was a mixture of mercenary Landsknechts and French infantry. The idea was that the cavalry would bear the brunt of the fighting and the inferior infantry would be used as an anchor for the battle line and a rallying point. The two armies stood around for two hours looking at each other before the action began -- La Noue says in his Discours that this was because it was the first time two French armies had faced each other in over a century, and each had friends and brothers on the other side and was afraid to begin what would no doubt become the first act in a great tragedy.The battle itself was divided into four main movements. In the first, the Huguenots launched a large cavalry charge at the Catholic left which routed it fairly quickly and in a short time the entire left wing of the Catholic army had disintegrated and was fleeing. Only the Swiss managed to hold in the centre despite taking very high casualties. Much of the Protestant cavalry now pursued their fleeing enemies back towards their baggage train which they proceeded to loot. During the second phase of the battle, the majority of the combat was borne by Swiss who were repeatedly attacked by cavalry and then by the Protestant Landsknecht regiment. Although they routed the Landsknechts and almost recaptured the Catholic artillery they were eventually broken by a final charge by fresh Huguenot gendarmes. Seeing this many more of the Protestant cavalry moved off to loot the Catholic baggage train in the rear leaving their infantry without cavalry support. It was at this moment, during the third phase, that Guise and Saint-André, who had held back till now, advanced with their fresh troops. They swept aside the Huguenot French infantry, who were poorly armed with few pikemen, and the remaining Huguenot Landsknecht regiment retreated without striking a blow. The remaining Protestant cavalry, now exhausted after several hours of combat, retreated in fairly good order but it was during this withdrawal that Condé was captured. In the fourth and final phase of the battle, it appeared that the Catholic army had won. However, behind the woods near Blainville, Coligny had rallied about a thousand French and German horse and re-emerged to attack again. This could have changed the course of the battle again as the few hundred Catholic heavy cavalry left were in no position to face this attack. However, Guise had ordered his final reliable infantry regiment, a veteran French unit under Martigues, to form a square just south of Blainville. They poured arquebus fire into the advancing Huguenots who, having used their lances earlier, could not break the pikemen. Realising he could not win and with darkness approaching, Coligny ordered a retreat leaving the field to the Catholics. In the aftermath of the battle, the costs began to make themselves clear. An estimated 9-10,000 men of the total 30,000 who had begun the battle, ended the day as a casualty making it one of the bloodiest battles of the period. Ambroise Paré, a surgeon sent from Paris to tend the wounded gentlemen, described how, '[he] observed for a good league all around the ground completely covered [with dead bodies], all dispatched in less than two hours'. A lot of wounded men, left on the field at the end of the day, succumbed to shock and cold during the bitter night which was as recalled by trooper Jean de Mergey, 'the coldest I ever felt'. Further, while the Catholics had definitely won the battle, they suffered heavy casualties among their cavalry and an estimated 800 of them had died. This was very important because their cavalry was made up of the political elite of France and such high losses would have repercussions in the future governing of France. Unfortunately for the Catholics, despite what was an impressive victory, they were unable to capitalise on it and it took them almost seven weeks before they were ready to launch an attack on Orleans, the major Huguenot stronghold in the region. In this time, the Protestants managed to reinforce the city with their remaining infantry and rally their essentially unharmed cavalry force. It was with this that Coligny reestablished Protestant control over the important towns in lower Normandy. This meant that the first civil war ended, not with the crushing defeat of the Huguenots, but rather with a pro-Huguenot treaty which gave them a foothold in France. There were several lessons learnt from the battle of Dreux which were taken on board by both sides. The royal army became more convinced of the effectiveness of the Swiss mercenaries and continued to hire units of them throughout the French Wars of Religion. Conversely both sides decided that the German Landsknechts were poor troops and cowardly and therefore ceased to employ them for the early civil wars although they would prove their worth later during sieges where their versatility made them much more effective than the Swiss whose failure to use firearms severely limited their use. It also cemented the view that heavy cavalry with lances, far from being outdated, were the most important troop type on the battlefield and both sides would continue to raise more heavy cavalry in the future at the expense of infantry. The German reiters, armed with pistols they could fire before a charge, had shown themselves as particularly effective, mauling the Swiss regiment which was noticed by both sides. It was also an important turning point psychologically for the French as it removed the last barrier to the mutual slaughter of French military elites which would prove very damaging for the French state later on. Lastly the battle of Dreux had an important effect on how the French royal army thought about pitched battles. They had won it only by the narrowest margin, as it could have easily been a Huguenot victory, and this strengthened the view that battles were immensely costly and very risky events that should be avoided unless victory was almost assured. The crown could not afford the destruction of its main defensive force. Even when they did win impressive victories, they were unable to move fast enough to take full advantage and seize Protestant strongholds so the results of these battles were more often than not disappointing. The lessons learned at Dreux were taken to heart and would be felt over the next fourteen years as the wars of religion continued.".
• Battle_of_Dreux causalties "1,000 cavalry".
• Battle_of_Dreux causalties "3,000 infantry,".
• Battle_of_Dreux combatant "20px French Huguenot forces".
• Battle_of_Dreux combatant "French Catholic Royal Army".
• Battle_of_Dreux commander Anne_de_Montmorency.
• Battle_of_Dreux commander Francis,_Duke_of_Guise.
• Battle_of_Dreux commander Gaspard_II_de_Coligny.
• Battle_of_Dreux commander Louis,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9_(1530%E2%80%931569).
• Battle_of_Dreux date "1562-12-19".
• Battle_of_Dreux place Dreux.
• Battle_of_Dreux place France.
• Battle_of_Dreux result "Catholic victory".
• Battle_of_Dreux strength "16,500 infantry,".
• Battle_of_Dreux strength "2,500 cavalry,".
• Battle_of_Dreux strength "22 guns".
• Battle_of_Dreux strength "4,500 cavalry,".
• Battle_of_Dreux strength "8,500 infantry,".
• Battle_of_Dreux strength "some artillery".
• Battle_of_Dreux thumbnail BatailleDreux1562.jpg?width=300.
• Battle_of_Dreux wikiPageID "3296447".
• Battle_of_Dreux wikiPageRevisionID "604608827".
• Battle_of_Dreux casualties "1000".
• Battle_of_Dreux casualties "1500".
• Battle_of_Dreux casualties "3000".
• Battle_of_Dreux combatant "20".
• Battle_of_Dreux combatant "French Catholic Royal Army".
• Battle_of_Dreux commander "20".
• Battle_of_Dreux commander "Anne de Montmorency,".
• Battle_of_Dreux commander "Francis, Duke of Guise".
• Battle_of_Dreux conflict "Battle of Dreux".
• Battle_of_Dreux date "1562-12-19".
• Battle_of_Dreux hasPhotoCollection Battle_of_Dreux.
• Battle_of_Dreux place Dreux.
• Battle_of_Dreux place France.
• Battle_of_Dreux result "Catholic victory".
• Battle_of_Dreux strength "16500".
• Battle_of_Dreux strength "22".
• Battle_of_Dreux strength "2500".
• Battle_of_Dreux strength "4500".
• Battle_of_Dreux strength "8500".
• Battle_of_Dreux strength "some artillery".
• Battle_of_Dreux wordnet_type synset-war-noun-1.
• Battle_of_Dreux subject Category:1562_in_France.
• Battle_of_Dreux subject Category:Battles_involving_France.
• Battle_of_Dreux subject Category:Battles_of_the_French_Wars_of_Religion.
• Battle_of_Dreux subject Category:Conflicts_in_1562.
• Battle_of_Dreux subject Category:History_of_Centre_(French_region).
• Battle_of_Dreux type Abstraction100002137.
• Battle_of_Dreux type Act100030358.
• Battle_of_Dreux type Battle100953559.
• Battle_of_Dreux type BattlesInvolvingFrance.
• Battle_of_Dreux type BattlesOfTheFrenchWarsOfReligion.
• Battle_of_Dreux type Conflict100958896.
• Battle_of_Dreux type ConflictsIn1562.
• Battle_of_Dreux type Event100029378.
• Battle_of_Dreux type GroupAction101080366.
• Battle_of_Dreux type MilitaryAction100952963.
• Battle_of_Dreux type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
• Battle_of_Dreux type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
• Battle_of_Dreux type Event.
• Battle_of_Dreux type MilitaryConflict.
• Battle_of_Dreux type SocietalEvent.
• Battle_of_Dreux type Event.
• Battle_of_Dreux type ConflictEvent.
• Battle_of_Dreux type Event.
• Battle_of_Dreux type Event.
• Battle_of_Dreux type Thing.
• Battle_of_Dreux comment "The Battle of Dreux was fought on 19 December 1562 between Catholics and Huguenots. The Catholics were led by Anne de Montmorency while Louis I, Prince of Condé led the Huguenots.This was the first major engagement of the French Wars of Religion. The Protestant army encountered the Catholic royal army on the road to Dreux while attempting to move north into Normandy.".
• Battle_of_Dreux label "Bataille de Dreux (1562)".
• Battle_of_Dreux label "Batalla de Dreux".
• Battle_of_Dreux label "Battaglia di Dreux".
• Battle_of_Dreux label "Battle of Dreux".
• Battle_of_Dreux label "Bitwa pod Dreux".
• Battle_of_Dreux label "Schlacht bei Dreux".
• Battle_of_Dreux label "Slag bij Dreux".
• Battle_of_Dreux label "ドルーの戦い".
• Battle_of_Dreux sameAs Schlacht_bei_Dreux.
• Battle_of_Dreux sameAs Batalla_de_Dreux.
• Battle_of_Dreux sameAs Bataille_de_Dreux_(1562).
• Battle_of_Dreux sameAs Battaglia_di_Dreux.
• Battle_of_Dreux sameAs ドルーの戦い.
• Battle_of_Dreux sameAs Slag_bij_Dreux.
• Battle_of_Dreux sameAs Bitwa_pod_Dreux.
• Battle_of_Dreux sameAs m.094017.
• Battle_of_Dreux sameAs Q751236.
• Battle_of_Dreux sameAs Q751236.
• Battle_of_Dreux sameAs Battle_of_Dreux.
• Battle_of_Dreux wasDerivedFrom Battle_of_Dreux?oldid=604608827.
• Battle_of_Dreux depiction BatailleDreux1562.jpg.
• Battle_of_Dreux isPrimaryTopicOf Battle_of_Dreux.
• Battle_of_Dreux name "Battle of Dreux".