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- Battle_of_Pelagonia abstract "The Battle of Pelagonia took place in September 1259, between the Empire of Nicaea and the Despotate of Epirus, Sicily and the Principality of Achaea. It was a decisive event in the Near East history, ensuring the Byzantine reconquest of Constantinople and the end of the Latin Empire in 1261, and marks the beginning of the Byzantine recovery of Greece. This battle is also notable for being the last appearance of the famous Varangian Guard.The exact location remains unclear. It has been called also Battle of Kastoria because the three Byzantine sources (Pachymeres, George Akropolites, Gregoras) informs us that the Epirotic camp was firstly attacked there in a location called Boril's Wood (Βορίλλα λόγγος). However since the warfare includes also a siege of Prilep it is justifiably called battle of Pelagonia.Nicaean emperor Theodore II Laskaris died in 1258 and was succeeded by the young John IV Laskaris, under the regency of Michael VIII Palaiologos, who was determined to restore the Byzantine Empire and recapture all of the territory it held before the Fourth Crusade. In 1259, William II Villehardouin married Anna Komnena Doukaina (also known as Agnes), daughter of Michael II of Epirus, cementing an alliance between the Despotate of Epirus and Achaea against Nicaea. They also allied with Manfred of Sicily who sent them 400 knights.In 1259, the Nicaeans invaded Thessaly and in September the Achaean and Epirote army marched north to meet them. The Nicaeans were led by the sebastocrator Theodore Doukas, the brother of Michael II of Epirus. According to the French Chronicle of Morea, the Nicaean force consisted of the main Byzantine army, with Turkish mercenaries, 2,000 Cumans, 300 Germans, 13,000 Hungarians, and 4,000 Serbs, and some Vlachs. There were supposedly 27 cavalry divisions, although all of these numbers are probably exaggerated. Theodore also gathered all the local peasants and their flocks and placed them on the hilltops, so that from far away they might appear to be part of the army.Theodore then sent a false deserter to Michael II and William, exaggerating the number of Nicaean troops and chastizing Michael for attempting to attack a family member. The baron of Karytaina Geoffrey of Briel, one of the Frankish leaders, did not believe the deserter, and convinced the Achaeans to stay when they decided to flee. Still, Michael and his troops deserted during the night and fled; according to George Pachymeres this is because Michael's illegitimate son John quarrelled with William. On the next day, the Frankish knights attacked the German mercenaries under the duke of Carinthia on the Nicaean side. The duke was killed in the fight. The Hungarian archers then killed all the Achaean horses, leaving the knights effectively defenceless. The Achaean foot soldiers fled and the knights surrendered; prince William fled as well and hid under a nearby haystack where he was soon captured. Theodore brought him to John Palaiologos, brother of Michael VIII, who was in command of the expedition, and William was forced to give up strategic fortresses in Achaea (including Mystras) before he was set free.John Palaiologos went on to capture Thebes. The Principality of Achaea, which had become the strongest French state in Greece in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, was now reduced to Nicaean vassalage; the Duchy of Athens soon became the dominant French state. Michael VIII took advantage of the defeat to recapture Constantinople in 1261.There is a problem with the Chronicle of Morea's claim that the "duke of Carinthia" was present at the battle. The duke at the time was Ulrich III, but he ruled for many years after 1259, and was probably not at the battle; the writer of the Chronicle may have invented a fictitious duke as a counterbalance to William. Greek sources, aside from George Pachymeres, include George Akropolites, Nikephoros Gregoras, and George Sphrantzes.".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia causalties "Heavy".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia combatant "Despotate of Epirus".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia combatant "Empire of Nicaea".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia combatant "Kingdom of Sicily".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia combatant "Principality of Achaea".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia commander Alexios_Strategopoulos.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia commander John_I_Doukas_of_Thessaly.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia commander John_Palaiologos_(brother_of_Michael_VIII).
- Battle_of_Pelagonia commander Michael_II_Komnenos_Doukas.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia commander William_II_of_Villehardouin.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia place Pelagonia.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia result "Decisive Nicaean victory".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia strength "6,000 men".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia strength "Unknown, but more than the Nicaeans".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia wikiPageID "811702".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia wikiPageRevisionID "588568828".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia casualties "Heavy".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia casualties "Unknown".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia combatant Despotate_of_Epirus.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia combatant Empire_of_Nicaea.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia combatant Kingdom_of_Sicily.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia combatant Principality_of_Achaea.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia commander Alexios_Strategopoulos.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia commander John_I_Doukas_of_Thessaly.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia commander John_Palaiologos_(brother_of_Michael_VIII).
- Battle_of_Pelagonia commander Michael_II_Komnenos_Doukas.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia commander "William II of Achaea".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia conflict "Battle of Pelagonia".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia date "September 1259".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia hasPhotoCollection Battle_of_Pelagonia.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia partof "the Byzantine-Latin wars".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia place Pelagonia.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia result "Decisive Nicaean victory".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia strength "6000".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia strength "Unknown, but more than the Nicaeans".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia wordnet_type synset-war-noun-1.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia subject Category:1259_in_Europe.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia subject Category:13th_century_in_Greece.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia subject Category:Battles_in_medieval_Macedonia.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia subject Category:Battles_involving_Hungary.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia subject Category:Battles_involving_Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia subject Category:Battles_involving_the_Despotate_of_Epirus.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia subject Category:Battles_involving_the_Empire_of_Nicaea.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia subject Category:Battles_involving_the_Principality_of_Achaea.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia subject Category:Battles_of_the_Crusades.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia subject Category:Conflicts_in_1259.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia subject Category:Pelagonia.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type Abstraction100002137.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type Act100030358.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type Battle100953559.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type BattlesInMedievalMacedonia.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type BattlesInvolvingHungary.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type BattlesInvolvingSerbiaInTheMiddleAges.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type BattlesInvolvingTheDespotateOfEpirus.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type BattlesInvolvingTheEmpireOfNicaea.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type BattlesInvolvingThePrincipalityOfAchaea.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type BattlesOfTheCrusades.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type Conflict100958896.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type ConflictsIn1259.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type Event100029378.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type GroupAction101080366.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type MilitaryAction100952963.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type Event.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type MilitaryConflict.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type SocietalEvent.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type Event.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type ConflictEvent.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type Event.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type Event.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia type Thing.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia comment "The Battle of Pelagonia took place in September 1259, between the Empire of Nicaea and the Despotate of Epirus, Sicily and the Principality of Achaea. It was a decisive event in the Near East history, ensuring the Byzantine reconquest of Constantinople and the end of the Latin Empire in 1261, and marks the beginning of the Byzantine recovery of Greece. This battle is also notable for being the last appearance of the famous Varangian Guard.The exact location remains unclear.".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia label "Bataille de Pélagonia".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia label "Batalha de Pelagônia".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia label "Batalla de Pelagonia".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia label "Battaglia di Pelagonia".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia label "Battle of Pelagonia".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia label "Bitwa pod Pelagonią".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia label "Schlacht bei Pelagonia".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia label "Битва при Пелагонии".
- Battle_of_Pelagonia sameAs Bitva_u_Pelagonie.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia sameAs Schlacht_bei_Pelagonia.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia sameAs Μάχη_της_Πελαγονίας.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia sameAs Batalla_de_Pelagonia.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia sameAs Bataille_de_Pélagonia.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia sameAs Battaglia_di_Pelagonia.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia sameAs Bitwa_pod_Pelagonią.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia sameAs Batalha_de_Pelagônia.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia sameAs m.03dpx6.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia sameAs Q763428.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia sameAs Q763428.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia sameAs Battle_of_Pelagonia.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia wasDerivedFrom Battle_of_Pelagonia?oldid=588568828.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia isPrimaryTopicOf Battle_of_Pelagonia.
- Battle_of_Pelagonia name "Battle of Pelagonia".