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- Battle_of_the_Atlantic abstract "The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, running from 1939 to the defeat of Germany in 1945. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany's subsequent counter-blockade. It was at its height from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943. The Battle of the Atlantic pitted U-boats and other warships of the Kriegsmarine (German Navy) and aircraft of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) against the Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Navy, and Allied merchant shipping. The convoys, coming mainly from North America and predominantly going to the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, were protected for the most part by the British and Canadian navies and air forces. These forces were aided by ships and aircraft of the United States from September 13, 1941. The Germans were joined by submarines of the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina) after their Axis ally Italy entered the war on June 10, 1940.As an island nation, the United Kingdom was highly dependent on imported goods. Britain required more than a million tons of imported material per week in order to be able to survive and fight. In essence, the Battle of the Atlantic was a tonnage war: the Allied struggle to supply Britain and the Axis attempt to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting. From 1942 onwards, the Germans also sought to prevent the build-up of Allied supplies and equipment in the British Isles in preparation for the invasion of occupied Europe. The defeat of the U-boat threat was a pre-requisite for pushing back the Germans, Winston Churchill was later to state:The Battle of the Atlantic was the dominating factor all through the war. Never for one moment could we forget that everything happening elsewhere, on land, at sea or in the air depended ultimately on its outcome.The outcome of the battle was a strategic victory for the Allies—the German blockade failed—but at great cost: 3,500 merchant ships and 175 warships were sunk for the loss of 783 U-boats.The name "Battle of the Atlantic" was coined by Winston Churchill in February 1941. It has been called the "longest, largest, and most complex" naval battle in history. The campaign started immediately after the European war began, and lasted six years. It involved thousands of ships in more than 100 convoy battles and perhaps 1,000 single-ship encounters, in a theatre covering thousands of square miles of ocean. The situation changed constantly, with one side or the other gaining advantage, as new weapons, tactics, counter-measures, and equipment were developed by both sides. The Allies gradually gained the upper hand, overcoming German surface raiders by the end of 1942 and defeating the U-boats by mid-1943, though losses to U-boats continued to war's end.".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic causalties "175 warships".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic causalties "3,500 merchant vessels".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic causalties "36,000 merchant seamen killed".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic causalties "36,200 sailors killed".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic combatant "(1940–1945)".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic combatant "(1940–43)".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic combatant "(1941–45)".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic combatant "(1942–45)".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic combatant "France (1939–40)".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic combatant "Poland".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander Dudley_Pound.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander Erich_Raeder.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander Ernest_King.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander Frederick_Bowhill.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander Hermann_G%C3%B6ring.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander John_Slessor.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander Karl_D%C3%B6nitz.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander Leonard_W._Murray.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander Martin_Dunbar-Nasmith.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander Max_Kennedy_Horton.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander Percy_Noble_(Royal_Navy_officer).
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander Philip_Joubert_de_la_Fert%C3%A9.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander Royal_E._Ingersoll.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic date "1939-09-03".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic isPartOfMilitaryConflict World_War_II.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Arctic_Ocean.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Atlantic_Ocean.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Caribbean_Sea.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Gulf_of_Mexico.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Gulf_of_Saint_Lawrence.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Irish_Sea.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Labrador_Sea.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place North_Sea.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Outer_Banks.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic result "Allied victory".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic thumbnail Officers_on_the_bridge.jpg?width=300.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic wikiPageExternalLink boats.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic wikiPageExternalLink GetTRDoc?AD=ADA266529Approved.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic wikiPageExternalLink gne-000.htm.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic wikiPageExternalLink www.harry-tates.org.uk.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic wikiPageExternalLink tei-WH2-2Epi-t1-g1-t1.html.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic wikiPageExternalLink BattleoftheAtlantic.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic wikiPageID "57765".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic wikiPageRevisionID "606535545".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic caption "Officers on the bridge of an escorting British destroyer keep a sharp look out for enemy submarines, October 1941.".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic casualties "175".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic casualties "3500".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic casualties "36000".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic casualties "36200".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic casualties "783".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic casualties "~30,000 sailors killed".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic combatant "France".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic combatant "Poland".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander "Dudley Pound Leonard W. Murray".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander "Erich Raeder".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander "Ernest J. King".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander "Frederick Bowhill".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander "Hermann Göring".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander "Karl Dönitz".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander "Martin E. Nasmith".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander "Philip de la Ferté".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander "Royal E. Ingersoll".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander "Sir John Slessor".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander "Sir Max K. Horton".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic commander "Sir Percy Noble".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic conflict "Battle of the Atlantic".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic date "--09-03".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic hasPhotoCollection Battle_of_the_Atlantic.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic partof World_War_II.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Arctic_Ocean.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Atlantic_Ocean.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Caribbean_Sea.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Gulf_of_Mexico.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Gulf_of_Saint_Lawrence.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Irish_Sea.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Labrador_Sea.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place North_Sea.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic place Outer_Banks.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic result "Allied victory".
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic subject Category:American_Theater_of_World_War_II.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic subject Category:Battle_of_the_Atlantic.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic subject Category:Military_history_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic subject Category:Naval_battles_of_World_War_II_involving_Canada.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic subject Category:Naval_battles_of_World_War_II_involving_France.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic subject Category:Naval_battles_of_World_War_II_involving_Germany.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic subject Category:Naval_battles_of_World_War_II_involving_Italy.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic subject Category:Naval_battles_of_World_War_II_involving_Norway.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic subject Category:Naval_battles_of_World_War_II_involving_Poland.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic subject Category:Naval_battles_of_World_War_II_involving_the_United_Kingdom.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic subject Category:Naval_battles_of_World_War_II_involving_the_United_States.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic subject Category:North_Atlantic_convoys_of_World_War_II.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic subject Category:World_War_II_merchant_ships_of_the_United_Kingdom.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic type Abstraction100002137.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic type Act100030358.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic type Battle100953559.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic type CampaignsAndTheatresOfWorldWarII.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic type Collection107951464.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic type Contest107456188.
- Battle_of_the_Atlantic type Convoy108417801.