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- Bayard_Rustin abstract "Bayard Rustin (/ˈbaɪərd/; March 17, 1912 – August 24, 1987) was an American leader in social movements for civil rights, socialism, pacifism and non-violence, and gay rights. He was born and raised in Pennsylvania where his family was involved in civil rights work. In 1936, he moved to Harlem, New York City and earned a living as a nightclub and stage singer, and continued activism for civil rights.In the pacifist Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR), Rustin practiced nonviolence. He was a leading activist of the early 1947–1955 civil-rights movement, helping to initiate a 1947 Freedom Ride to challenge with civil disobedience racial segregation on interstate busing. He recognized Martin Luther King, Jr.'s leadership, and helped to organize the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to strengthen King's leadership; Rustin promoted the philosophy of nonviolence and the practices of nonviolent resistance, which he had observed while working with Gandhi's movement in India. Rustin became a leading strategist of the civil rights movement from 1955 to 1968. He was the chief organizer of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which was headed by A. Philip Randolph, the leading African-American labor-union president and socialist. Rustin also influenced young activists, such as Tom Kahn and Stokely Carmichael, in organizations like the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).After the passage of the civil-rights legislation of 1964–65, Rustin focused attention on the economic problems of working-class and unemployed African Americans, suggesting that the civil-rights movement had left its period of "protest" and had entered an era of "politics", in which the Black community had to ally with the labor movement. Rustin became the head of the AFL–CIO's A. Philip Randolph Institute, which promoted the integration of formerly all-white unions and promoted the unionization of African Americans. Rustin became an honorary chairperson of the Socialist Party of America in 1972, before it changed its name to Social Democrats, USA (SDUSA); Rustin acted as national chairman of SDUSA during the 1970s. During the 1970s and 1980s, Rustin served on many humanitarian missions, such as aiding refugees from Communist Vietnam and Cambodia. He was on a humanitarian mission in Haiti when he died in 1987.Rustin was a gay man who had been arrested for a homosexual act in 1953. Homosexuality was criminalized in parts of the United States until 2003. Rustin's sexuality, or at least his embarrassingly public criminal charge, was criticized by some fellow pacifists and civil-rights leaders. Rustin was attacked as a "pervert" or "immoral influence" by political opponents from segregationists to Black power militants, and from the 1950s through the 1970s. In addition, his pre-1941 Communist Party affiliation when he was a young man was controversial. To avoid such attacks, Rustin served only rarely as a public spokesperson. He usually acted as an influential adviser to civil-rights leaders. In the 1970s, he became a public advocate on behalf of gay and lesbian causes.On November 20, 2013, President Barack Obama posthumously awarded Rustin the Presidential Medal of Freedom.".
- Bayard_Rustin award Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.
- Bayard_Rustin birthDate "1912-03-17".
- Bayard_Rustin birthPlace West_Chester,_Pennsylvania.
- Bayard_Rustin birthYear "1912".
- Bayard_Rustin deathDate "1987-08-24".
- Bayard_Rustin deathPlace Manhattan.
- Bayard_Rustin deathYear "1987".
- Bayard_Rustin religion Quakers.
- Bayard_Rustin thumbnail BayardRustinAug1963-LibraryOfCongress_crop.jpg?width=300.
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- Bayard_Rustin wikiPageExternalLink History.
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- Bayard_Rustin awards Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.
- Bayard_Rustin birthDate "1912-03-17".
- Bayard_Rustin birthPlace West_Chester,_Pennsylvania.
- Bayard_Rustin caption "--08-27".
- Bayard_Rustin dateOfBirth "1912-03-17".
- Bayard_Rustin dateOfDeath "1987-08-24".
- Bayard_Rustin deathDate "1987-08-24".
- Bayard_Rustin deathPlace "Manhattan, New York".
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- Bayard_Rustin movement African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954%E2%80%9368).
- Bayard_Rustin movement LGBT_social_movements.
- Bayard_Rustin movement Peace_movement.
- Bayard_Rustin movement Socialist_Party_of_America.
- Bayard_Rustin name "Bayard Rustin".
- Bayard_Rustin name "Rustin, Bayard".
- Bayard_Rustin organization A._Philip_Randolph_Institute.
- Bayard_Rustin organization Congress_of_Racial_Equality.
- Bayard_Rustin organization Fellowship_of_Reconciliation.
- Bayard_Rustin organization Social_Democrats,_USA.
- Bayard_Rustin organization Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference.
- Bayard_Rustin partner "Walter Naegle".
- Bayard_Rustin placeOfBirth West_Chester,_Pennsylvania.
- Bayard_Rustin placeOfDeath "Manhattan, New York".
- Bayard_Rustin religion Quakers.
- Bayard_Rustin shortDescription "Christian pacifist civil rights advocate".
- Bayard_Rustin description "Christian pacifist civil rights advocate".
- Bayard_Rustin description "Christian pacifist civil rights advocate".
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- Bayard_Rustin subject Category:American_Quakers.
- Bayard_Rustin subject Category:American_anti–Vietnam_War_activists.
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- Bayard_Rustin subject Category:Cheyney_University_of_Pennsylvania_alumni.
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- Bayard_Rustin subject Category:LGBT_rights_activists_from_the_United_States.
- Bayard_Rustin subject Category:Martin_Luther_King,_Jr..
- Bayard_Rustin subject Category:Members_of_Social_Democrats_USA.
- Bayard_Rustin subject Category:Members_of_the_Socialist_Party_of_America.
- Bayard_Rustin subject Category:Nonviolence_advocates.
- Bayard_Rustin subject Category:People_from_Chester_County,_Pennsylvania.
- Bayard_Rustin subject Category:Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_recipients.
- Bayard_Rustin subject Category:War_Resisters_League_members.
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