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- Benzodiazepine_misuse abstract "Benzodiazepine drug misuse, sometimes called benzodiazepine drug abuse (both terms are merely nominal, and cover all non-medical uses of the drugs), is defined as using benzodiazepines for recreational purposes i.e. to get "high" or continuing benzodiazepines long term against medical advice. The level of benzodiazepine misuse is as high as other common drugs of misuse. When used recreationally benzodiazepines are usually administered orally but sometimes they are taken intranasally or intravenously. Recreational use produces effects similar to alcohol intoxication.In tests in pentobarbital trained rhesus monkeys benzodiazepines produced effects similar to barbiturates. In a 1991 study, triazolam had the highest self-administration rate in cocaine trained baboons, among the five benzodiazepines examined: alprazolam, bromazepam, chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam, triazolam.Studies have indicated that those benzodiazepines which are more rapidly absorbed and have a quick rate of elimination have the highest abuse potential. Self-injection rates of triazolam, temazepam and midazolam have been shown in several studies to be considerably higher when compared to other benzodiazepines.A 1985 study found that triazolam and temazepam maintained higher rates of self-injection than a variety of other benzodiazepines.A 1991 study indicated that diazepam, in particular, had a greater abuse liability among people who were drug abusers than did many of the other benzodiazepines. Some of the available data also suggested that lorazepam and alprazolam are more diazepam-like in having relatively high abuse liability, while oxazepam, halazepam, and possibly chlordiazepoxide, are relatively low in this regard.A 1991–1993 British study found that the hypnotics flurazepam and temazepam were more toxic than average benzodiazepines in overdose.A 1995 study found that temazepam is more rapidly absorbed and oxazepam is more slowly absorbed than most other benzodiazepines. The study showed that there are differences between temazepam, oxazepam, and other benzodiazepines in the degree of sedation they cause in overdose, and the observed differences are not due to confounding by age, sex, dose ingested, coingestion of alcohol, chronic benzodiazepine use, or history of drug or alcohol abuse. This provides a plausible explanation why temazepam and oxazepam have different fatal toxicity indices from other benzodiazepines. The sedation produced by benzodiazepines in therapeutic doses and overdose has a poor correlation with measured drug concentration but is increased with rapid absorption. Rapid absorption of temazepam has been linked to increased abuse liability.Benzodiazepines have been abused both orally and intravenously. Different benzodiazepines have different abuse potential; the more rapid the increase in the plasma level following ingestion, the greater the intoxicating effect and the more open to abuse the drug becomes. The speed of onset of action of a particular benzodiazepine correlates well with the ‘popularity’ of that drug for abuse. The two most common reasons for preference were that a benzodiazepine was ‘strong’ and that it gave a good ‘high’.According to Dr Chris Ford, former clinical director of Substance Misuse Management in General Practice, among drugs of abuse, benzodiazepines are often seen as the 'bad guys' by drug and alcohol workers. Illicit users of benzodiazepines have been found to take higher methadone doses, as well as showing more HIV/HCV risk-taking behaviour, greater poly-drug use, higher levels of psychopathology and social dysfunction. However, there is only limited research into the adverse effects of benzodiazepines in drug misusers and further research is needed to demonstrate whether this is the result of cause or effect.".
- Benzodiazepine_misuse emedicineSubject "article".
- Benzodiazepine_misuse emedicineTopic "290585".
- Benzodiazepine_misuse icd10 "F13.1".
- Benzodiazepine_misuse wikiPageID "22951352".
- Benzodiazepine_misuse wikiPageRevisionID "603457958".
- Benzodiazepine_misuse emedicinesubj "article".
- Benzodiazepine_misuse emedicinetopic "290585".
- Benzodiazepine_misuse hasPhotoCollection Benzodiazepine_misuse.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse icd "F13.1".
- Benzodiazepine_misuse name "Benzodiazepine drug misuse".
- Benzodiazepine_misuse subject Category:Benzodiazepines.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse subject Category:Substance_abuse.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse subject Category:Substance_dependence.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse type Abstraction100002137.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse type Attribute100024264.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse type Condition113920835.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse type Disease114070360.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse type IllHealth114052046.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse type Illness114061805.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse type PathologicalState114051917.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse type PhysicalCondition114034177.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse type State100024720.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse type Disease.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse type Situation.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse comment "Benzodiazepine drug misuse, sometimes called benzodiazepine drug abuse (both terms are merely nominal, and cover all non-medical uses of the drugs), is defined as using benzodiazepines for recreational purposes i.e. to get "high" or continuing benzodiazepines long term against medical advice. The level of benzodiazepine misuse is as high as other common drugs of misuse.".
- Benzodiazepine_misuse label "Benzodiazepine misuse".
- Benzodiazepine_misuse label "ベンゾジアゼピン薬物乱用".
- Benzodiazepine_misuse sameAs ベンゾジアゼピン薬物乱用.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse sameAs m.06423gb.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse sameAs Q15043325.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse sameAs Q15043325.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse sameAs Benzodiazepine_misuse.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse wasDerivedFrom Benzodiazepine_misuse?oldid=603457958.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse isPrimaryTopicOf Benzodiazepine_misuse.
- Benzodiazepine_misuse name "Benzodiazepine drug misuse".