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- Beta_blocker abstract "Beta blockers (β-blockers, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, beta antagonists, beta-adrenergic antagonists, beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists, or beta adrenergic receptor antagonists) are a class of drugs that target the beta receptor. Beta receptors are found on cells of the heart muscles, smooth muscles, airways, arteries, kidneys, and other tissues that are part of the sympathetic nervous system and lead to stress responses, especially when they are stimulated by epinephrine (adrenaline). Beta blockers interfere with the binding to the receptor of epinephrine and other stress hormones, and weaken the effects of stress hormones. They are particularly used for the management of cardiac arrhythmias, protecting the heart from a second heart attack (myocardial infarction) after a first heart attack (secondary prevention), and hypertension.In 1962, Sir James W. Black found the first clinically significant beta blockers—propranolol and pronethalol; it revolutionized the medical management of angina pectoris and is considered by many to be one of the most important contributions to clinical medicine and pharmacology of the 20th century.Beta blockers block the action of endogenous catecholamines epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) in particular, on β-adrenergic receptors, part of the sympathetic nervous system, which mediates the fight-or-flight response. Three types of beta receptors are known, designated β1, β2 and β3 receptors. β1-adrenergic receptors are located mainly in the heart and in the kidneys. β2-adrenergic receptors are located mainly in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, uterus, vascular smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle. β3-adrenergic receptors are located in fat cells.".
- Beta_blocker thumbnail Propranolol-2D-skeletal.png?width=300.
- Beta_blocker wikiPageExternalLink ?p=1656.
- Beta_blocker wikiPageExternalLink 17tind.html.
- Beta_blocker wikiPageExternalLink MNGB599PJC1.DTL.
- Beta_blocker wikiPageExternalLink beta-blockers.
- Beta_blocker wikiPageID "180150".
- Beta_blocker wikiPageRevisionID "606744738".
- Beta_blocker alt "Propranolol".
- Beta_blocker atcPrefix "7.0".
- Beta_blocker biologicalTarget Adrenergic_receptor.
- Beta_blocker caption "Skeletal formula of propranolol, the first clinically successful beta blocker".
- Beta_blocker consumerReports "beta_blockers".
- Beta_blocker hasPhotoCollection Beta_blocker.
- Beta_blocker medicinenet "beta_blockers".
- Beta_blocker meshid "D000319".
- Beta_blocker name "Beta blockers".
- Beta_blocker name "β-blockers".
- Beta_blocker rxlist "90349".
- Beta_blocker use "Hypertension, arrhythmia, etc.".
- Beta_blocker subject Category:Beta_blockers.
- Beta_blocker subject Category:Scottish_inventions.
- Beta_blocker comment "Beta blockers (β-blockers, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, beta antagonists, beta-adrenergic antagonists, beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists, or beta adrenergic receptor antagonists) are a class of drugs that target the beta receptor. Beta receptors are found on cells of the heart muscles, smooth muscles, airways, arteries, kidneys, and other tissues that are part of the sympathetic nervous system and lead to stress responses, especially when they are stimulated by epinephrine (adrenaline).".
- Beta_blocker label "Beta blocker".
- Beta_blocker label "Beta bloqueador".
- Beta_blocker label "Betabloccanti".
- Beta_blocker label "Betablocker".
- Beta_blocker label "Bloqueador beta-adrenérgico".
- Beta_blocker label "Bètablokker".
- Beta_blocker label "Bêta-bloquant".
- Beta_blocker label "Leki beta-adrenolityczne".
- Beta_blocker label "Бета-адреноблокаторы".
- Beta_blocker label "حاصرات بيتا".
- Beta_blocker label "交感神経β受容体遮断薬".
- Beta_blocker sameAs Betablocker.
- Beta_blocker sameAs Beta_bloqueador.
- Beta_blocker sameAs Bêta-bloquant.
- Beta_blocker sameAs Betabloccanti.
- Beta_blocker sameAs 交感神経β受容体遮断薬.
- Beta_blocker sameAs Bètablokker.
- Beta_blocker sameAs Leki_beta-adrenolityczne.
- Beta_blocker sameAs Bloqueador_beta-adrenérgico.
- Beta_blocker sameAs m.018l62.
- Beta_blocker sameAs Q816759.
- Beta_blocker sameAs Q816759.
- Beta_blocker wasDerivedFrom Beta_blocker?oldid=606744738.
- Beta_blocker depiction Propranolol-2D-skeletal.png.
- Beta_blocker isPrimaryTopicOf Beta_blocker.