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- Black_Madonna abstract "A Black Madonna or Black Virgin is a statue or painting of Mary in which she is depicted with dark skin, especially those created in Europe in the medieval period or earlier. The Black Madonnas are generally found in Catholic areas. The term refers to a type of Marian statue or painting of mainly medieval origin (12C-15C), with dark or black features whose exact origins are not always easy to determine. The statues are mostly wooden but occasionally stone, often painted and up to 75 cm (30 in) tall. They fall into two main groups: free-standing upright figures and seated figures on a throne. The pictures are usually icons which are Byzantine in style, often made in 13th or 14th century Italy. There are about 450–500 Black Madonnas in Europe, depending on how they are classified. There are at least 180 Vierges Noires in France, and there are hundreds of non-medieval copies as well. Some are in museums, but most are in churches or shrines and are venerated by devotees. A few are associated with miracles and attract substantial numbers of pilgrims.Important early studies of dark images in France were done by Marie Durand-Lefebvre (1937), Emile Saillens (1945), and Jacques Huynen (1972). The first notable study of the origin and meaning of the so-called Black Madonnas in English appears to have been presented by Leonard Moss at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on Dec. 28, 1952. Moss broke the images into three categories: 1) dark brown or black madonnas with physiognomy and skin pigmentation matching that of the indigenous population; 2) various art forms that have turned black as a result of certain physical factors such as deterioration of lead-based pigments, accumulated smoke from the use of votive candles, and accumulation of grime over the ages, and 3) residual category with no ready explanation.".
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink black_madonna.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink France_Pilgrimage.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink BVshortlist.html.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink atocha.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink AixenProvence.html.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink blackvirgin.html.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink blackmadonnas.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink blackmadonna.html.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink black%5Fmadonna%5Fczestochowa.htm.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink madonna.html.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink www.shrineofmary.org.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink Black%20Madonna.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink olmont.html.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageExternalLink blackm.html.
- Black_Madonna wikiPageID "277944".
- Black_Madonna wikiPageRevisionID "604396361".
- Black_Madonna hasPhotoCollection Black_Madonna.
- Black_Madonna subject Category:Roman_Catholic_Church_paintings.
- Black_Madonna subject Category:Roman_Catholic_Church_sculpture.
- Black_Madonna subject Category:Virgin_Mary_in_art.
- Black_Madonna type Art102743547.
- Black_Madonna type Artifact100021939.
- Black_Madonna type Creation103129123.
- Black_Madonna type GraphicArt103453809.
- Black_Madonna type Object100002684.
- Black_Madonna type Painting103876519.
- Black_Madonna type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Black_Madonna type RomanCatholicChurchPaintings.
- Black_Madonna type Whole100003553.
- Black_Madonna comment "A Black Madonna or Black Virgin is a statue or painting of Mary in which she is depicted with dark skin, especially those created in Europe in the medieval period or earlier. The Black Madonnas are generally found in Catholic areas. The term refers to a type of Marian statue or painting of mainly medieval origin (12C-15C), with dark or black features whose exact origins are not always easy to determine.".
- Black_Madonna label "Black Madonna".
- Black_Madonna label "Czarna Madonna".
- Black_Madonna label "Madonna Nera".
- Black_Madonna label "Schwarze Madonna".
- Black_Madonna label "Vierge noire".
- Black_Madonna label "Virgem Negra".
- Black_Madonna label "Vírgenes negras".
- Black_Madonna label "Zwarte madonna".
- Black_Madonna label "Чёрная мадонна".
- Black_Madonna label "黒い聖母".
- Black_Madonna sameAs Schwarze_Madonna.
- Black_Madonna sameAs Vírgenes_negras.
- Black_Madonna sameAs Vierge_noire.
- Black_Madonna sameAs Madonna_Nera.
- Black_Madonna sameAs 黒い聖母.
- Black_Madonna sameAs Zwarte_madonna.
- Black_Madonna sameAs Czarna_Madonna.
- Black_Madonna sameAs Virgem_Negra.
- Black_Madonna sameAs m.01pl8j.
- Black_Madonna sameAs Q1435706.
- Black_Madonna sameAs Q1435706.
- Black_Madonna sameAs Black_Madonna.
- Black_Madonna wasDerivedFrom Black_Madonna?oldid=604396361.
- Black_Madonna isPrimaryTopicOf Black_Madonna.