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- Bowring_Treaty abstract "The Bowring Treaty is the name given to an agreement signed on April 18, 1855 between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Siam that liberalized foreign trade in Siam. The Treaty was signed by King Mongkut of Siam and Sir John Bowring, Governor of Hong Kong and Britain's envoy.A previous treaty had been signed between Siam and the United Kingdom in 1826, and the new treaty elaborated and liberalized trade rules and regulations by creating a new system of imports and exports.The treaty allowed free trade by foreigners in Bangkok, as foreign trade had previously been subject to heavy royal taxes. The treaty also allowed the establishment of a British consulate in Bangkok and guaranteed its full extraterritorial powers, and allowed Englishmen to own land in Siam. The regulations in short are: British subjects were placed under consular jurisdiction. Thus, for the first time, Siam granted extraterritoriality to foreign aliens. British subjects were given the right to trade freely in all seaports, and to reside permanently in Bangkok. They were to be allowed to buy and rent property in the environs of Bangkok; namely, in the area more than four miles from city walls but less than twenty four hours’ journey from the city (calculated at the speed of native boats). British subjects were also to be allowed to travel freely in the interior with passes provided by the consul. Measurement duties were abolished and import and export duties fixed. The import duty was fixed at 3 percent for all articles, with two exceptions: opium was to be free of duty, but it had to be sold to the opium farmer; and bullion was to be free of duty. Articles of export were to be taxed just once, whether the tax was called an inland tax, a transit duty, or an export duty. British merchants were to be allowed to buy and sell directly with individual Siamese without interference from any third person. The Siamese government reserved the right to prohibit the export of salt, rice, and fish whenever these articles were deemed to be scarce.Officially a Treaty of Friendship and Commerce, it is nonetheless claimed to be an unequal treaty as Siam was not in a position to negotiate, considering that Britain had demonstrated its military might during the First Opium War with China, thereby discouraging any attempts to prevent Western trade. Siam's fears were only consolidated by the fact that negotiations that had occurred five years earlier between Sir James Brooke, the White Rajah of Sarawak and British envoy, and Siam's King Nangklao had failed, and had led to Brooke threatening Siam with Britain's Gunboat Policy. The treaty eventually led other foreign powers to sign their own bilateral treaty, based on the rules set by the Bowring Treaty.Indeed, American envoy Townsend Harris, while on his way to Japan, was delayed in Bangkok for a month by finalization of the Burney Treaty, but had only to negotiate a few minor points to convert it into the 1856 American Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation with Siam. The Bowring treaty in particular ensured that foreign powers would not intervene in Siam's internal affairs, and allowed for Siam to remain independent. The Bowring Treaty is now credited with having led to the economic development of Bangkok, as it created a framework in which multilateral trade could operate freely in Southeast Asia, notably between China, Singapore and Siam.".
- Bowring_Treaty thumbnail Bowring_Treaty_(TH_Ver)_001.jpg?width=300.
- Bowring_Treaty wikiPageID "10872739".
- Bowring_Treaty wikiPageRevisionID "588513772".
- Bowring_Treaty caption "Thai version of the Treaty, written on Thai black books, prior to being sent to the British Empire to further be affixed with her seal.".
- Bowring_Treaty dateSigned "1855-04-18".
- Bowring_Treaty hasPhotoCollection Bowring_Treaty.
- Bowring_Treaty imageWidth "250".
- Bowring_Treaty language "Thai and English".
- Bowring_Treaty locationSigned "Bangkok".
- Bowring_Treaty longName "Treaty of Friendship and Commerce between the British Empire and the Kingdom of Siam".
- Bowring_Treaty name "Bowring Treaty".
- Bowring_Treaty parties "25".
- Bowring_Treaty parties "British Empire".
- Bowring_Treaty type "Treaty".
- Bowring_Treaty wikisource "Bowring Treaty".
- Bowring_Treaty subject Category:1855_treaties.
- Bowring_Treaty subject Category:Commercial_treaties.
- Bowring_Treaty subject Category:Thailand–United_Kingdom_relations.
- Bowring_Treaty subject Category:Treaties_of_Thailand.
- Bowring_Treaty subject Category:Treaties_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1801–1922).
- Bowring_Treaty subject Category:1855_in_Thailand.
- Bowring_Treaty type 1855Treaties.
- Bowring_Treaty type Abstraction100002137.
- Bowring_Treaty type Agreement106770275.
- Bowring_Treaty type Communication100033020.
- Bowring_Treaty type Document106470073.
- Bowring_Treaty type FreeTradeAgreements.
- Bowring_Treaty type LegalDocument106479665.
- Bowring_Treaty type Message106598915.
- Bowring_Treaty type Statement106722453.
- Bowring_Treaty type TreatiesOfThailand.
- Bowring_Treaty type TreatiesOfTheUnitedKingdom.
- Bowring_Treaty type Treaty106773434.
- Bowring_Treaty type Writing106362953.
- Bowring_Treaty type WrittenAgreement106771653.
- Bowring_Treaty type WrittenCommunication106349220.
- Bowring_Treaty comment "The Bowring Treaty is the name given to an agreement signed on April 18, 1855 between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Siam that liberalized foreign trade in Siam.".
- Bowring_Treaty label "Bowring Treaty".
- Bowring_Treaty label "Bowring-Vertrag".
- Bowring_Treaty sameAs Bowring-Vertrag.
- Bowring_Treaty sameAs m.02qsnvn.
- Bowring_Treaty sameAs Q745728.
- Bowring_Treaty sameAs Q745728.
- Bowring_Treaty sameAs Bowring_Treaty.
- Bowring_Treaty wasDerivedFrom Bowring_Treaty?oldid=588513772.
- Bowring_Treaty depiction Bowring_Treaty_(TH_Ver)_001.jpg.
- Bowring_Treaty isPrimaryTopicOf Bowring_Treaty.