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- Cactus abstract "A cactus (plural: cacti, cactuses, or cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae within the order Caryophyllales. The word "cactus" derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek κάκτος (kaktos), a name originally used for a spiny plant whose identity is not certain. Cacti are native to the Americas, ranging from Patagonia in the south to parts of western Canada in the north—except for Rhipsalis baccifera, which also grows in Africa and Sri Lanka.Most cacti live in habitats subject to at least some drought. Many live in extremely dry environments, even being found in the Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on earth. Cacti show many adaptations to conserve water. Most species of cacti have lost true leaves, retaining only spines, which are highly modified leaves. As well as defending against herbivores, spines help prevent water loss by reducing air flow close to the cactus and providing some shade. Cactus spines are produced from specialized structures called areoles, a kind of highly reduced branch. Areoles are an identifying feature of cacti. As well as spines, areoles give rise to flowers, which are usually tubular and multipetaled.In the absence of leaves, enlarged stems carry out photosynthesis. Unlike many other succulents, the stem is the only part of most cacti where this vital process takes place. Cactus stems also store water, and are often ribbed or fluted, which allows them to expand and contract easily. Cacti occur in a wide range of shapes and sizes. The tallest free-standing cactus is Pachycereus pringlei, with a maximum recorded height of 19.2 m (63 ft), and the smallest is Blossfeldia liliputiana, only about 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter at maturity. The smaller cacti usually have globe-shaped stems, combining the highest possible volume with the lowest possible surface area. Many cacti have short growing seasons and long dormancies, and are able to react quickly to any rainfall, helped by an extensive but relatively shallow root system. A fully grown saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) is said to be able to absorb as much as 200 U.S. gallons (760 l; 170 imp gal) of water during a rainstorm.Like other succulent plants, most cacti employ a special mechanism called "crassulacean acid metabolism" (CAM) as part of photosynthesis. Transpiration, during which carbon dioxide enters the plant and water escapes, does not take place during the day at the same time as photosynthesis, but instead occurs at night. The plant stores the carbon dioxide it takes in as malic acid, retaining it until daylight returns, and only then using it in photosynthesis. Because transpiration takes place during the cooler, more humid night hours, water loss is significantly reduced.A few species differ significantly in appearance from most of the family. At least superficially, plants of the genus Pereskia resemble other trees and shrubs growing around them. They have persistent leaves, and when older, bark-covered stems. Their areoles identify them as cacti, and in spite of their appearance, they, too, have many adaptations for water conservation. Pereskia is considered close to the ancestral species from which all cacti evolved. In tropical regions, other cacti grow as forest climbers and epiphytes (plants that grow on trees). Their stems are typically flattened, almost leaf-like in appearance, with fewer or even no spines, such as the well-known Christmas cactus or Thanksgiving cactus (in the genus Schlumbergera).Cacti have a variety of uses: many species are used as ornamental plants, others are grown for fodder or forage, and others for food (particularly their fruit). Cochineal is the product of an insect that lives on some cacti.".
- Cactus thumbnail Echinopsis_mamillosa_1.jpg?width=300.
- Cactus wikiPageID "7819".
- Cactus wikiPageRevisionID "606470092".
- Cactus authority Antoine_Laurent_de_Jussieu.
- Cactus caption Maihuenia.
- Cactus caption Maihuenia_poeppigii.
- Cactus caption Opuntia_chlorotica.
- Cactus caption Opuntioideae.
- Cactus caption Pereskia.
- Cactus caption Pereskia_aculeata.
- Cactus caption "Areole of Pereskia grandifolia showing its position relative to leaves".
- Cactus caption "Areoles of an Echinopsis species".
- Cactus caption "Cactoideae: Mammillaria elongata".
- Cactus caption "Close-up of an areole of Astrophytum capricorne showing fine wool".
- Cactus caption "Clustered globular habit".
- Cactus caption "Cross-section of Cereus showing areoles with spines and wool".
- Cactus caption "Day: stomata close; malic acid is converted back to and used to make carbohydrate; water vapor is confined.".
- Cactus caption "Dragon fruit for sale in Taiwan".
- Cactus caption "Edible fruit of the saguaro".
- Cactus caption "Epiphytic cactus".
- Cactus caption "Flowers appear from the upper part of an areole, spines from the lower".
- Cactus caption "Fruit prepared from Stenocereus queretaroensis".
- Cactus caption "Fruits of some Ferocactus are edible.".
- Cactus caption "Gathering saguaro in 1907".
- Cactus caption "Glochids of Opuntia microdasys".
- Cactus caption "Hooked central spine".
- Cactus caption "Night: stomata open; enters and is stored as malic acid; water vapor is able to escape.".
- Cactus caption "Salad including sliced nopales".
- Cactus caption "Shorter clustered columnar habit".
- Cactus caption "Solitary globular habit".
- Cactus caption "Tall treelike habit".
- Cactus caption "Tall unbranched columnar habit".
- Cactus caption "The central image in this extract from the Codex Osuna of 1565 shows an opuntia used as a symbol for Mexico, i.e. Tenochtitlan.".
- Cactus caption "The coat of arms of Mexico depicts a Mexican Golden Eagle perched on a prickly pear cactus devouring a snake".
- Cactus caption "Treelike habit".
- Cactus caption "Unusual flattened spines of Schlerocactus papyracanthus".
- Cactus caption "Varied spines of a Ferocactus".
- Cactus colwidth "30".
- Cactus cont "yes".
- Cactus direction "vertical".
- Cactus float "right".
- Cactus footer "the spiny heads of the wild cardoon, once known as "cactus"; a Melocactus, likely the first genus seen by Europeans".
- Cactus fossilRange "Late Paleogene - Recent".
- Cactus hasPhotoCollection Cactus.
- Cactus header "Schematic illustration of CAM".
- Cactus height "1055".
- Cactus height "1088".
- Cactus height "1093".
- Cactus height "1102".
- Cactus height "1536".
- Cactus height "1704".
- Cactus height "1728".
- Cactus height "2106".
- Cactus height "2400".
- Cactus height "2592".
- Cactus height "300".
- Cactus height "3229".
- Cactus height "3264".
- Cactus height "3428".
- Cactus height "3648".
- Cactus height "492".
- Cactus height "525".
- Cactus height "535".
- Cactus height "552".
- Cactus height "608".
- Cactus height "615".
- Cactus height "639".
- Cactus height "697".
- Cactus height "700".
- Cactus height "768".
- Cactus height "990".
- Cactus image "Astrophytum capricorne areole.jpg".
- Cactus image "Barrel Cactus Fruit cropped.jpg".
- Cactus image "Botany Bay - Cynara cardunculus 1.jpg".
- Cactus image "CAM_schema_day_cropped.svg".
- Cactus image "CAM_schema_night.svg".
- Cactus image "Cactus 4a - geograph.org.uk - 1446436 cleaned.jpg".
- Cactus image "Cardon Pachycereus pringlei.jpg".
- Cactus image "Cephalocereuscolumnatrajani rev.jpg".
- Cactus image "Coat of arms of Mexico.svg".
- Cactus image "Codex Osuna Triple Alliance.JPG".
- Cactus image "Cut Cereus .jpg".
- Cactus image "Dragonfruit_Chiyai_market.jpg".
- Cactus image "Echinopsis candicans .jpg".
- Cactus image "Ferocactus echidne var victoriensis 1.jpg".
- Cactus image "Ferocactus1.jpg".
- Cactus image "Ferocactus1001.jpg".
- Cactus image "Fruto de Stenocereus queretaroensis.jpg".
- Cactus image "Hakendornen IMGP7026 WP.jpg".
- Cactus image "Maihuenia poeppigii 02 cropped.jpg".
- Cactus image "Melocactus.JPG".
- Cactus image "Nopal11.jpg".
- Cactus image "Opuntia chlorotica 5 cropped.jpg".
- Cactus image "Opuntia microdasys 01 ies cropped.jpg".
- Cactus image "Pereskia aculeata4 cropped.jpg".
- Cactus image "Pereskia aculeata5.jpg".
- Cactus image "Pereskia grandifolia areole.jpg".
- Cactus image "Rebutia flavistylus 2 rev.jpg".
- Cactus image "Rhipsalis paradoxa.jpg".