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- Canavanine abstract "L-(+)-(S)-Canavanine is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid found in certain leguminous plants. It is structurally related to the proteinogenic α-amino acid L-arginine, the sole difference being the replacement of a methylene bridge (-CH2- unit) in arginine with an oxa group (i.e., an oxygen atom) in canavanine. Canavanine is accumulated primarily in the seeds of the organisms which produce it, where it serves both as a highly deleterious defensive compound against herbivores and a vital source of nitrogen for the growing embryo (see also L-canaline). The mechanism of canavanine's toxicity is that organisms that consume it typically mistakenly incorporate it into their own proteins in place of L-arginine, thereby producing structurally aberrant proteins that may not function properly.Some specialized herbivores tolerate L-canavanine either because they metabolize it efficiently (cf. L-canaline) or avoid its incorporation into their own nascent proteins. An example of this ability can be found in the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens the larvae of which can tolerate massive amounts of dietary canavanine. These larvae fastidiously avoid incorporation of L-canavanine into their nascent proteins (presumably by virtue of highly discriminatory Arginine—tRNA ligase, the enzyme responsible for the first step in the incorporation of arginine into proteins). In contrast, larvae of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta can only tolerate tiny amounts (1.0 microgram per kilogram of fresh body weight) of dietary canavanine because their arginine-tRNA ligase has little, if any, discriminatory capacity. No one has examined experimentally the arginine-tRNA synthetase of these organisms. But comparative studies of the incorporation of radiolabeled L-arginine and L-canavanine have shown that in Manduca sexta, the ratio of incorporation is about 3 to 1.Dioclea megacarpa seeds contain high levels of canavanine. The beetle Caryedes brasiliensis is able to tolerate this however as it has the most highly discriminatory arginine-tRNA ligase known. In this insect, the level of radiolabeled L-canavanine incorporated into newly synthesized proteins is barely measurable. Moreover, this beetle uses canavanine as a nitrogen source to synthesize its other amino acids to allow it to develop.Alfalfa seeds and sprouts contains L-canavanine. The L-canavanine in alfalfa has been linked to lupus-like symptoms in primates, including humans, and other auto-immune diseases. Often stopping consumption reverses the problem.".
- Canavanine thumbnail L-S-Canavanine.svg?width=300.
- Canavanine wikiPageExternalLink p707710081267665.
- Canavanine wikiPageExternalLink xn667qp842871175.
- Canavanine wikiPageID "4231031".
- Canavanine wikiPageRevisionID "591133065".
- Canavanine hasPhotoCollection Canavanine.
- Canavanine imagefile "L-S-Canavanine.svg".
- Canavanine imagename "Chemical structure of (L)---canavanine".
- Canavanine pin "Canavanine".
- Canavanine systematicname "-2".
- Canavanine subject Category:Amino_acids.
- Canavanine type ChemicalCompound.
- Canavanine type ChemicalSubstance.
- Canavanine type ChemicalObject.
- Canavanine type Thing.
- Canavanine comment "L-(+)-(S)-Canavanine is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid found in certain leguminous plants. It is structurally related to the proteinogenic α-amino acid L-arginine, the sole difference being the replacement of a methylene bridge (-CH2- unit) in arginine with an oxa group (i.e., an oxygen atom) in canavanine.".
- Canavanine label "Canavanin".
- Canavanine label "Canavanina".
- Canavanine label "Canavanina".
- Canavanine label "Canavanine".
- Canavanine label "Canavanine".
- Canavanine sameAs Canavanin.
- Canavanine sameAs Canavanina.
- Canavanine sameAs Canavanine.
- Canavanine sameAs Canavanina.
- Canavanine sameAs m.0br7gs.
- Canavanine sameAs Q418408.
- Canavanine sameAs Q418408.
- Canavanine wasDerivedFrom Canavanine?oldid=591133065.
- Canavanine depiction L-S-Canavanine.svg.
- Canavanine isPrimaryTopicOf Canavanine.
