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- Carotene abstract "The term carotene (also carotin, from the Latin carota, or carrot) is used for several related unsaturated hydrocarbon substances having the formula C40Hx, which are synthesized by plants but cannot be made by animals. Carotene is an orange photosynthetic pigment important for photosynthesis. Carotenes are all coloured to the human eye. They are responsible for the orange colour of the carrot, for which this class of chemicals is named, and for the colours of many other fruits and vegetables (for example, sweet potatoes, chanterelle and orange cantaloupe melon). Carotenes are also responsible for the orange (but not all of the yellow) colours in dry foliage. They also (in lower concentrations) impart the yellow coloration to milk-fat and butter. Omnivorous animal species which are relatively poor converters of coloured dietary carotenoids to colourless retinoids have yellowed-coloured body fat, as a result of the carotenoid retention from the vegetable portion of their diet. The typical yellow-coloured fat of humans and chickens is a result of fat storage of carotenes from their diets.Carotenes contribute to photosynthesis by transmitting the light energy they absorb to chlorophyll. They also protect plant tissues by helping to absorb the energy from singlet oxygen, an excited form of the oxygen molecule O2 which is formed during photosynthesis.β-Carotene is composed of two retinyl groups, and is broken down in the mucosa of the human small intestine by β-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase to retinal, a form of vitamin A. β-Carotene can be stored in the liver and body fat and converted to retinal as needed, thus making it a form of vitamin A for humans and some other mammals. The carotenes α-carotene and γ-carotene, due to their single retinyl group (β-ionone ring), also have some vitamin A activity (though less than β-carotene), as does the xanthophyll carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin. All other carotenoids, including lycopene, have no beta-ring and thus no vitamin A activity (although they may have antioxidant activity and thus biological activity in other ways).Animal species differ greatly in their ability to convert retinyl (beta-ionone) containing carotenoids to retinals. Carnivores in general are poor converters of dietary ionone-containing carotenoids. Pure carnivores such as ferrets lack β-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase and cannot convert any carotenoids to retinals at all (resulting in carotenes not being a form of vitamin A for this species); while cats can convert a trace of β-carotene to retinol, although the amount is totally insufficient for meeting their daily retinol needs.".
- Carotene thumbnail BetaCarotene-3d.png?width=300.
- Carotene wikiPageExternalLink genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=116.
- Carotene wikiPageExternalLink dsBetaCarotene.php.
- Carotene wikiPageExternalLink beta-carotene_home.html.
- Carotene wikiPageExternalLink BetaCarotenecs.html.
- Carotene wikiPageID "6986".
- Carotene wikiPageRevisionID "596005150".
- Carotene hasPhotoCollection Carotene.
- Carotene subject Category:Carotenoids.
- Carotene subject Category:Food_colorings.
- Carotene subject Category:Hydrocarbons.
- Carotene subject Category:Vitamins.
- Carotene comment "The term carotene (also carotin, from the Latin carota, or carrot) is used for several related unsaturated hydrocarbon substances having the formula C40Hx, which are synthesized by plants but cannot be made by animals. Carotene is an orange photosynthetic pigment important for photosynthesis. Carotenes are all coloured to the human eye.".
- Carotene label "Caroteen".
- Carotene label "Carotene".
- Carotene label "Carotene".
- Carotene label "Caroteno".
- Carotene label "Caroteno".
- Carotene label "Carotine".
- Carotene label "Carotène".
- Carotene label "Karoteny".
- Carotene label "Каротин".
- Carotene label "كاروتين".
- Carotene label "カロテン".
- Carotene label "胡蘿蔔素".
- Carotene sameAs Karoteny.
- Carotene sameAs Carotine.
- Carotene sameAs Caroteno.
- Carotene sameAs Karoteno.
- Carotene sameAs Carotène.
- Carotene sameAs Karotena.
- Carotene sameAs Carotene.
- Carotene sameAs カロテン.
- Carotene sameAs 카로틴.
- Carotene sameAs Caroteen.
- Carotene sameAs Karoteny.
- Carotene sameAs Caroteno.
- Carotene sameAs m.0204v.
- Carotene sameAs Q190156.
- Carotene sameAs Q190156.
- Carotene wasDerivedFrom Carotene?oldid=596005150.
- Carotene depiction BetaCarotene-3d.png.
- Carotene isPrimaryTopicOf Carotene.
