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- Catalysis abstract "Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction of two or more reactants due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction. With a catalyst, less free energy is required to reach the transition state, but the total free energy from reactants to products does not change. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations. The effect of a catalyst may vary due to the presence of other substances known as inhibitors or poisons (which reduce the catalytic activity) or promoters (which increase the activity). The opposite of a catalyst, a substance that reduces the rate of a reaction, is an inhibitor.Catalyzed reactions have a lower activation energy (rate-limiting free energy of activation) than the corresponding uncatalyzed reaction, resulting in a higher reaction rate at the same temperature. However, the mechanistic explanation of catalysis is complex. Catalysts may affect the reaction environment favorably, or bind to the reagents to polarize bonds, e.g. acid catalysts for reactions of carbonyl compounds, or form specific intermediates that are not produced naturally, such as osmate esters in osmium tetroxide-catalyzed dihydroxylation of alkenes, or cause dissociation of reagents to reactive forms, such as chemisorbed hydrogen in catalytic hydrogenation.Kinetically, catalytic reactions are typical chemical reactions; i.e. the reaction rate depends on the frequency of contact of the reactants in the rate-determining step. Usually, the catalyst participates in this slowest step, and rates are limited by amount of catalyst and its "activity". In heterogeneous catalysis, the diffusion of reagents to the surface and diffusion of products from the surface can be rate determining. A nanomaterial-based catalyst is an example of a heterogeneous catalyst. Analogous events associated with substrate binding and product dissociation apply to homogeneous catalysts.Although catalysts are not consumed by the reaction itself, they may be inhibited, deactivated, or destroyed by secondary processes. In heterogeneous catalysis, typical secondary processes include coking where the catalyst becomes covered by polymeric side products. Additionally, heterogeneous catalysts can dissolve into the solution in a solid–liquid system or sublimate in a solid–gas system.".
- Catalysis thumbnail Low_Temperature_Oxidation_Catalyst.jpeg?width=300.
- Catalysis wikiPageExternalLink catalysis.pdf.
- Catalysis wikiPageExternalLink catalysis.html.
- Catalysis wikiPageExternalLink home.htm.
- Catalysis wikiPageExternalLink www.inorganic-chemistry-and-catalysis.eu.
- Catalysis wikiPageExternalLink www.nsfcentc.org.
- Catalysis wikiPageExternalLink Bubbles_turn_on_chemical_catalysts.
- Catalysis wikiPageExternalLink ~kameyama.
- Catalysis wikiPageExternalLink ~carbocat.
- Catalysis wikiPageID "5914".
- Catalysis wikiPageRevisionID "606407587".
- Catalysis file "876.0".
- Catalysis hasPhotoCollection Catalysis.
- Catalysis title "catalyst".
- Catalysis subject Category:Catalysis.
- Catalysis subject Category:Chemical_kinetics.
- Catalysis comment "Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction of two or more reactants due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction. With a catalyst, less free energy is required to reach the transition state, but the total free energy from reactants to products does not change. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations.".
- Catalysis label "Catalisi".
- Catalysis label "Catalyse".
- Catalysis label "Catalysis".
- Catalysis label "Catálise".
- Catalysis label "Catálisis".
- Catalysis label "Kataliza".
- Catalysis label "Katalyse".
- Catalysis label "Катализ".
- Catalysis label "تحفيز".
- Catalysis label "催化剂".
- Catalysis label "触媒".
- Catalysis sameAs Katalyse.
- Catalysis sameAs Κατάλυση.
- Catalysis sameAs Catálisis.
- Catalysis sameAs Katalisi.
- Catalysis sameAs Catalyse.
- Catalysis sameAs Katalis.
- Catalysis sameAs Catalisi.
- Catalysis sameAs 触媒.
- Catalysis sameAs 촉매.
- Catalysis sameAs Kataliza.
- Catalysis sameAs Catálise.
- Catalysis sameAs m.01s9x.
- Catalysis sameAs Q82264.
- Catalysis sameAs Q82264.
- Catalysis wasDerivedFrom Catalysis?oldid=606407587.
- Catalysis depiction Low_Temperature_Oxidation_Catalyst.jpeg.
- Catalysis isPrimaryTopicOf Catalysis.