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- Cetus_Corporation abstract "Cetus Corporation was one of the first biotechnology companies. It was established in Berkeley, California in 1971, but conducted most of its operations in nearby Emeryville. Before merging with another company in 1991, it developed several significant pharmaceutical drugs as well as a revolutionary DNA amplification technique.Cetus was founded in 1971 by Ronald E. Cape, Peter Farley, and Nobelist Donald A. Glaser. Its early efforts involved automated methods to select for industrial microorganisms that could produce greater amounts of chemical feedstocks, antibiotics, or vaccine components. By the late-1970s, however, three new revolutionary techniques had been developed: recombinant DNA, monoclonal antibodies, and gene expression, the foundations of the biotechnology industry. In order to enter these new fields, Cetus raised $108 million in an Initial Public Offering in 1981, the largest IPO to that date.Its first large development project, in conjunction with Triton Biosciences, was the successful cloning, expression, modification, and production of beta-interferon. Unfortunately, the resultant protein did not live up to its expectations as a broad-spectrum anti-cancer drug, and only much later was it approved for use to treat symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis. The product is now sold under the name Betaseron.The company's flagship product was Interleukin-2 (IL-2), an important modifier of the immune system. Starting in the mid-1980s, the protein was cloned, modified, expressed, and purified in large quantities for clinical trials. The drug showed promising effects in treating renal cancer, but also had significant side effects on patients. In 1990 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) refused to approve the drug for clinical use, asking for additional information. It wasn't until two years later, after Cetus had been sold, that IL-2 was approved. It is now distributed under the name Proleukin.The company also had a broad effort to research and develop techniques for DNA Diagnostics. Collaborations were made with Perkin-Elmer for diagnostic instruments, and with Kodak for commercial diagnostic kits. It was here that the technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification was conceived by Kary Mullis. The technique has been widely used in DNA research, forensics, and genetic disease diagnostics. Its inventor received the Nobel Prize in 1993, the only one awarded for research performed at a biotechnology company.The delay in FDA approval for IL-2 created a major funding crisis at Cetus, which had been spending a considerable fraction of its investments to produce and test the drug. The company's CEO resigned six weeks later, and patent rights to the PCR process were sold to Hoffman-La Roche. Losses continued, and in 1991 the company was sold to Chiron Corporation. Chiron continued the development of IL-2, which was finally approved by the FDA in 1992. Chiron also collected the scattered rights for the production of beta-interferon, which was approved for clinical use in 1993.".
- Cetus_Corporation foundingYear "1971".
- Cetus_Corporation industry Biotechnology.
- Cetus_Corporation location Emeryville,_California.
- Cetus_Corporation product Interferon_beta_1b.
- Cetus_Corporation product Interleukin_2.
- Cetus_Corporation product Polymerase_chain_reaction.
- Cetus_Corporation wikiPageExternalLink books?id=tl-VuLDM_TUC&dq=Making+PCR:+a+Story+of+Biotechnology&source=gbs_navlinks_s.
- Cetus_Corporation wikiPageExternalLink Biotech.html?id=HHV6EzcSPKUC.
- Cetus_Corporation wikiPageExternalLink 1130421281_4360dc215fedf.
- Cetus_Corporation wikiPageID "4652962".
- Cetus_Corporation wikiPageRevisionID "593705372".
- Cetus_Corporation companyLogo "250".
- Cetus_Corporation companyName "Cetus Corporation".
- Cetus_Corporation companyType "Public".
- Cetus_Corporation foundation "1971".
- Cetus_Corporation hasPhotoCollection Cetus_Corporation.
- Cetus_Corporation industry Biotechnology.
- Cetus_Corporation location Emeryville,_California.
- Cetus_Corporation products Interferon_beta_1b.
- Cetus_Corporation products Interleukin_2.
- Cetus_Corporation products Polymerase_chain_reaction.
- Cetus_Corporation wordnet_type synset-company-noun-1.
- Cetus_Corporation subject Category:Biotechnology_companies_of_the_United_States.
- Cetus_Corporation subject Category:Companies_based_in_Berkeley,_California.
- Cetus_Corporation subject Category:Emeryville,_California.
- Cetus_Corporation subject Category:Technology_companies_based_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area.
- Cetus_Corporation type Abstraction100002137.
- Cetus_Corporation type BiotechnologyCompaniesOfTheUnitedStates.
- Cetus_Corporation type CompaniesBasedInBerkeley,California.
- Cetus_Corporation type Company108058098.
- Cetus_Corporation type Group100031264.
- Cetus_Corporation type Institution108053576.
- Cetus_Corporation type Organization108008335.
- Cetus_Corporation type SocialGroup107950920.
- Cetus_Corporation type YagoLegalActor.
- Cetus_Corporation type YagoLegalActorGeo.
- Cetus_Corporation type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Cetus_Corporation type Agent.
- Cetus_Corporation type Company.
- Cetus_Corporation type Organisation.
- Cetus_Corporation type Organization.
- Cetus_Corporation type Business.
- Cetus_Corporation type Agent.
- Cetus_Corporation type SocialPerson.
- Cetus_Corporation type Thing.
- Cetus_Corporation comment "Cetus Corporation was one of the first biotechnology companies. It was established in Berkeley, California in 1971, but conducted most of its operations in nearby Emeryville. Before merging with another company in 1991, it developed several significant pharmaceutical drugs as well as a revolutionary DNA amplification technique.Cetus was founded in 1971 by Ronald E. Cape, Peter Farley, and Nobelist Donald A. Glaser.".
- Cetus_Corporation label "Cetus Corporation".
- Cetus_Corporation sameAs m.08zv61.
- Cetus_Corporation sameAs Q5065711.
- Cetus_Corporation sameAs Q5065711.
- Cetus_Corporation sameAs Cetus_Corporation.
- Cetus_Corporation wasDerivedFrom Cetus_Corporation?oldid=593705372.
- Cetus_Corporation isPrimaryTopicOf Cetus_Corporation.
- Cetus_Corporation name "Cetus Corporation".