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• Charles_XII_of_Sweden abstract ""Carolus Rex" redirects here. For the remaining fragment of Gothenburg's city walls, see Carolus Rex; for the Sabaton album, see Carolus Rex.Charles XII also Carl of Sweden, Swedish: Karl XII, Latinized to Carolus Rex ('Charles the King') (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718) was the King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of the House of Wittelsbach. Charles was the only surviving son of King Charles XI of Sweden and Ulrika Eleonora the Elder. He assumed power, after a seven-month caretaker government, at the age of fifteen.In 1700, a triple alliance of Denmark–Norway, Saxony–Poland–Lithuania and Russia launched a threefold attack on the Swedish protectorate of Swedish Holstein-Gottorp and provinces of Livonia and Ingria, aiming to draw advantage as Sweden was unaligned and ruled by a young and inexperienced king, thus initiating the Great Northern War. Leading the formidable Swedish army against the alliance, Charles had by 1706 forced to submission all of his foes except Russia.Charles' subsequent march on Moscow ended with the dismemberment of the Swedish army at Poltava and Perevolochna, and he spent the following years in exile in the Ottoman Empire before returning to lead an assault on Norway, trying to evict the Danish king from the war once more in order to aim all his forces at the Russians. Two failed campaigns concluded with his death at the Siege of Fredriksten in 1718. At the time, most of the Swedish Empire was under foreign military occupation, though Sweden itself was still free. This situation was later formalized, albeit moderated in the subsequent Treaty of Nystad. The close would see not only the end of the Swedish Empire but also of its effectively organized absolute monarchy and war machine, commencing a parliamentarian government unique for continental Europe, which would last for half a century until royal autocracy was restored by Gustav III.Charles was an exceptionally skilled military leader and tactician as well as an able politician, credited with introducing important tax and legal reforms. As for his famous reluctance towards peace efforts he is quoted by Voltaire as saying, upon the outbreak of the war; "I have resolved never to start an unjust war but never to end a legitimate one except by defeating my enemies." With the war consuming more than half his life and nearly all his reign, he never married and fathered no children, and was succeeded by his sister Ulrika Eleonora, who in turn was coerced to hand over all substantial powers to the Riksdag of the Estates and opted to surrender the throne to her husband, who became King Frederick I of Sweden.".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden activeYearsEndYear "1697".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden activeYearsStartYear "1697".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden birthDate "1682-06-17".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden birthPlace Swedish_Empire.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden birthPlace Tre_Kronor_(castle).
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden birthYear "1682".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden deathDate "1718-11-30".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden deathPlace Halden.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden deathYear "1718".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden parent Charles_XI_of_Sweden.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden parent Ulrika_Eleonora_of_Denmark.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden predecessor Charles_XI_of_Sweden.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden restingPlace Riddarholm_Church.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden restingPlace Stockholm.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden successor Ulrika_Eleonora,_Queen_of_Sweden.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden thumbnail Karl_XII_1706.jpg?width=300.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden title "Duke of Bremen-Verden".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden title "Duke of Palatinate-Zweibrücken".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden title "Grand Duke of Finland".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden title "King of Sweden".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden wikiPageExternalLink karlxii.html.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden wikiPageExternalLink 7228009.stm.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden wikiPageExternalLink cxiiteg.html.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden wikiPageExternalLink swed1700.htm.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden wikiPageExternalLink default.asp.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden wikiPageID "104944".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden wikiPageRevisionID "606105079".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden before Charles_XI_of_Sweden.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden birthDate "1682-06-17".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden birthPlace "Tre Kronor, Sweden".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden caption "Charles XII in Military uniform".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden coronation "1697-12-14".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden dateOfBirth "1682-06-17".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden dateOfBurial "1719-02-26".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden dateOfDeath "1718-11-30".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden deathDate "1718-11-30".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden deathPlace "Fredrikshald, Norway".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden father Charles_XI_of_Sweden.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden hasPhotoCollection Charles_XII_of_Sweden.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden house House_of_Pfalz-Zweibrücken.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden mother Ulrika_Eleonora_of_Denmark.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden name "Charles 12 of Sweden".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden name "Charles XII".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden placeOfBirth "Tre Kronor, Sweden".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden placeOfBurial "Riddarholmen Church, Stockholm".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden placeOfDeath "Fredrikshald, Norway".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden predecessor Charles_XI_of_Sweden.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden reign "--04-05".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden religion Lutheranism.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden rows "2".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden shortDescription "King of Sweden".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden signature "Autograf, Carl XII, Nordisk familjebok.png".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden succession List_of_Swedish_monarchs.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden successor Ulrika_Eleonora,_Queen_of_Sweden.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden title Bremen-Verden.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden title Grand_Duke_of_Finland.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden title List_of_Swedish_monarchs.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden title Monarchy_of_Sweden.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden title Palatinate-Zweibrücken.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden wordnet_type synset-sovereign-noun-1.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden years "1697".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden description "King of Sweden".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden description "King of Sweden".
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:1682_births.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:1718_deaths.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:17th-century_monarchs_in_Europe.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:18th-century_monarchs_in_Europe.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:Battle_of_Poltava.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:Burials_at_Riddarholmen_Church.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:House_of_Palatinate-Zweibrücken.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:House_of_Wittelsbach.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:Military_personnel_killed_by_friendly_fire.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:Monarchs_killed_in_action.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:People_from_Stockholm.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:Rulers_of_Finland.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:Swedish_monarchs.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:Swedish_monarchs_of_German_descent.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:Swedish_people_of_the_Great_Northern_War.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden subject Category:Uppsala_University_alumni.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type Alumnus109786338.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type CausalAgent100007347.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type Communicator109610660.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type HeadOfState110164747.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type Intellectual109621545.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type LivingThing100004258.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type MonarchsKilledInAction.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type Negotiator110351874.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type Object100002684.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type Organism100004475.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type PeopleFromStockholm.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type Person100007846.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type PhysicalEntity100001930.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type Representative110522035.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type Ruler110541229.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type RulersOfFinland.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type Scholar110557854.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type Sovereign110628644.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type SwedishMonarchs.
• Charles_XII_of_Sweden type SwedishMonarchsOfGermanDescent.

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