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- Chełmno_extermination_camp abstract "Chełmno extermination camp, known to the Germans as the Kulmhof concentration camp, was a Nazi German extermination camp situated 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Łódź, near the Polish village of Chełmno nad Nerem (Kulmhof an der Nehr in German). After the invasion of Poland in 1939 Germany annexed the area as part of the new territory of Reichsgau Wartheland aiming at its complete "Germanization". The camp was set up specifically for that process. It operated from 01941-12-08-0000December 8, 1941 to 01943-04-11-0000April 11, 1943 during Aktion Reinhard (the most deadly phase of the Holocaust), and from 01944-06-23-0000June 23, 1944 to 01945-01-18-0000January 18, 1945 during the Soviet counter-offensive. It was built to exterminate Jews of the Łódź Ghetto and the local Polish inhabitants of Reichsgau Wartheland (Warthegau). In 1943 modifications were made to the camp's killing methods, as the reception building was already dismantled.At a very minimum 152,000 people (Bohn) were killed in the camp, though the West German prosecution citing Nazi figures during the Chełmno Trials of 1962–65, laid charges for at least 180,000 Jews murdered there. The Polish estimates in the early postwar period suggested a great deal more, up to a total of 340,000 victims, the vast majority of whom were Jews. The murdered came chiefly from Łódź and the surrounding area, along with Romani from Greater Poland. But Jews from Hungary, Bohemia, Moravia, Germany, Luxemburg, and Austria were also transported to Chelmno via the Łódź Ghetto, and Soviet prisoners of war were killed there. The camp killed most of the victims by the use of gas vans. It was a center for early experimentation and development of methods of mass murder, some of which were applied in later phases of the Holocaust.One of the camp survivors testified that only three Jewish males had escaped the Chełmno extermination camp successfully; he was fifteen years old. The Holocaust Encyclopedia noted that seven escaped from work details during the early 1940s; among them was Yakov Grojanowski, who documented the camp's operations in his Grojanowski Report. But he was later captured and killed at another death camp before war's end. In June 1945 two survivors testified at a trial of captured camp personnel in Łódź, Poland. The three best-known survivors testified about their Chełmno experiences at the 1961 trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem. Two also testified at the camp personnel trials conducted in 1962–65 by West Germany.".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp thumbnail Chełmno_-_pomnik.jpg?width=300.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp wikiPageID "581018".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp wikiPageRevisionID "605626589".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp caption "222".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp caption "Chełmno on the map of Nazi extermination camps marked with black and white skulls, Poland's borders before World War II".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp caption "Monument to victims of Nazi extermination camp Kulmhof in occupied Poland, unveiled in 1990 at the site of the camp".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp caption File:Blank.png.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp commandedBy Christian_Wirth.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp coordinatesType "region:PL-MA_type:landmark".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp gasChambers "3".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp inOperation "--06-23".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp inOperation "--12-08".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp killed "est. 152,000–340,000".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp knownFor "Genocide during the Holocaust".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp latd "52".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp latm "6".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp latns "N".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp lats "49".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp liberatedBy "--01-20".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp location "Near Chełmno nad Nerem, General Government".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp locationMap "Poland".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp longd "18".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp longew "E".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp longm "44".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp longs "55".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp mapCaption "Location of Chełmno in modern Poland".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp name "Chełmno".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp notableInmates Mordechaï_Podchlebnik.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp notableInmates Szlama_Ber_Winer.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp notableInmates Szymon_Srebrnik.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp originalUse Death.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp prisonerType "mainly Jews".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp type "Extermination camp".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp subject Category:1941_establishments.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp subject Category:1941_establishments_in_Germany.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp subject Category:1941_establishments_in_Poland.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp subject Category:1942_in_Poland.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp subject Category:1943_in_Poland.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp subject Category:1944_disestablishments.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp subject Category:Chełmno_extermination_camp.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp point "52.154011 18.722978".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp type SpatialThing.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp comment "Chełmno extermination camp, known to the Germans as the Kulmhof concentration camp, was a Nazi German extermination camp situated 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Łódź, near the Polish village of Chełmno nad Nerem (Kulmhof an der Nehr in German). After the invasion of Poland in 1939 Germany annexed the area as part of the new territory of Reichsgau Wartheland aiming at its complete "Germanization". The camp was set up specifically for that process.".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp label "Camp d'extermination de Chełmno".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp label "Campo de extermínio de Chełmno".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp label "Campo di sterminio di Chełmno".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp label "Chelmno (campo de exterminio)".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp label "Chełmno (vernietigingskamp)".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp label "Chełmno extermination camp".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp label "Kulmhof".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp label "Vernichtungslager Kulmhof".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp label "Хелмно (концентрационный лагерь)".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp label "ヘウムノ強制収容所".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp label "海乌姆诺灭绝营".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp sameAs Che%C5%82mno_extermination_camp.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp sameAs Vyhlazovací_tábor_Chełmno.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp sameAs Vernichtungslager_Kulmhof.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp sameAs Στρατόπεδο_εξόντωσης_Κέλμνο.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp sameAs Chelmno_(campo_de_exterminio).
- Chełmno_extermination_camp sameAs Camp_d'extermination_de_Chełmno.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp sameAs Campo_di_sterminio_di_Chełmno.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp sameAs ヘウムノ強制収容所.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp sameAs Chełmno_(vernietigingskamp).
- Chełmno_extermination_camp sameAs Kulmhof.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp sameAs Campo_de_extermínio_de_Chełmno.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp sameAs Q160152.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp sameAs Q160152.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp lat "52.154011".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp long "18.722978".
- Chełmno_extermination_camp wasDerivedFrom Chełmno_extermination_camp?oldid=605626589.
- Chełmno_extermination_camp depiction Chełmno_-_pomnik.jpg.