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- Clarence_13X abstract "Clarence Edward Smith, (February 22, 1928 – June 13, 1969) better known by his assumed names Clarence 13X and Allah, was an American religious leader who founded the Five Percent movement, a group that split from the Nation of Islam (NOI). He was born in Virginia, but moved to New York City as a young man before serving in the United States Army during the Korean War. After returning to New York, he learned that his wife had joined the NOI and followed her, taking the name Clarence 13X. He served in the group as a security officer, martial arts instructor, and student minister before leaving for an unclear reason in 1963. He enjoyed gambling, which was condemned by the NOI, and disagreed with the NOI's teachings that Wallace Fard Muhammad was a divine messenger.After leaving the NOI, Clarence 13X formed a new group with other former members. He concluded that all black men were divine and took the name Allah to symbolize this status. He rejected the belief in an invisible God, teaching that God could be found within each black man. In his view, women were "earths" that complemented and nurtured men; he believed that they should be submissive to men. He and a few assistants retained some NOI teachings but pioneered novel interpretations of them. They devised teachings about the meaning of letters and numerals: understanding the meaning of each letter and number was said to provide deep truths about God and the universe. Clarence 13X referred to his new movement as the Five Percenters, referencing a NOI teaching that only five percent of the population knew and promoted the truth about God. One way that he distinguished his group from his previous faith was by rejecting dress codes or strict behavioral guidelines—he allowed the consumption of alcohol, and at times, the use of illegal drugs.Clarence 13X was shot by an unknown assailant in 1964 but survived the attack. After an incident several months later in which he and several of his followers vandalized stores and fought with police, he was arrested and placed in psychiatric care; doctors said that he suffered from paranoid schizophrenia because he referred to himself as "Allah," which had since become his formal name. He was released from custody after a 1966 ruling by the Supreme Court placed limits on confinement without trial. Although he initially taught his followers to hate white people, he eventually began to cooperate with white city leaders. They gave him funding for a night school, and in return, he tried to prevent violence in Harlem. Clarence 13X was fatally shot in June 1969; the identity of his killer is unknown. The mayor of New York City and several other prominent leaders expressed condolences to his followers. Although the Five Percenters faltered in the immediate aftermath of his death, the movement eventually rebounded after new leadership emerged. The group took a non-hierarchical approach to leadership, and no single leader replaced Clarence 13X. He has been held in high regard by Five Percenters, and they have celebrated his birthday as a holiday.".
- Clarence_13X alias "Allah".
- Clarence_13X alias "Clarence 13X".
- Clarence_13X birthDate "1928-02-22".
- Clarence_13X birthName "Clarence Edward Smith".
- Clarence_13X birthPlace Danville,_Virginia.
- Clarence_13X birthYear "1928".
- Clarence_13X deathCause Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King,_Jr..
- Clarence_13X deathDate "1969-06-13".
- Clarence_13X deathPlace New_York_City.
- Clarence_13X deathYear "1969".
- Clarence_13X ethnicity African_American.
- Clarence_13X knownFor Five-Percent_Nation.
- Clarence_13X thumbnail Malcolm_Shabazz_Mosque.jpg?width=300.
- Clarence_13X wikiPageExternalLink Clarence%20Smith%20%28aka%2013x%29.
- Clarence_13X wikiPageExternalLink the_five_percent_rap.
- Clarence_13X wikiPageExternalLink inmates-are-free-practice-black-supremacist-religion-new-york-judge-rules.html.
- Clarence_13X wikiPageID "1300568".
- Clarence_13X wikiPageRevisionID "605052341".
- Clarence_13X alternativeNames "Clarence 13X".
- Clarence_13X birthDate "1928-02-22".
- Clarence_13X birthName "Clarence Edward Smith".
- Clarence_13X birthPlace Danville,_Virginia.
- Clarence_13X caption "Clarence 13X standing between two of his followers".
- Clarence_13X dateOfBirth "1928-02-22".
- Clarence_13X dateOfDeath "1969-06-13".
- Clarence_13X deathCause "Assassination".
- Clarence_13X deathDate "1969-06-13".
- Clarence_13X deathPlace New_York_City.
- Clarence_13X ethnicity African_American.
- Clarence_13X hasPhotoCollection Clarence_13X.
- Clarence_13X knownFor "Founding the Five Percent movement".
- Clarence_13X name "Clarence 13X".
- Clarence_13X name "Smith, Clarence Jowars".
- Clarence_13X otherNames Allah.
- Clarence_13X placeOfBirth "Danville, Virginia, USA".
- Clarence_13X placeOfDeath "USA".
- Clarence_13X shortDescription "Founder of The Nation of Gods and Earths".
- Clarence_13X spouse "Dora Smith".
- Clarence_13X description "Founder of The Nation of Gods and Earths".
- Clarence_13X subject Category:1928_births.
- Clarence_13X subject Category:1969_deaths.
- Clarence_13X subject Category:African-American_religious_leaders.
- Clarence_13X subject Category:American_military_personnel_of_the_Korean_War.
- Clarence_13X subject Category:American_people_convicted_of_drug_offenses.
- Clarence_13X subject Category:Deaths_by_firearm_in_New_York.
- Clarence_13X subject Category:Five_percenters.
- Clarence_13X subject Category:Former_Nation_of_Islam_members.
- Clarence_13X subject Category:Murdered_African-American_people.
- Clarence_13X subject Category:Nation_of_Gods_and_Earths.
- Clarence_13X subject Category:People_from_Danville,_Virginia.
- Clarence_13X subject Category:People_from_Harlem.
- Clarence_13X subject Category:People_murdered_in_New_York.
- Clarence_13X subject Category:United_States_Army_soldiers.
- Clarence_13X type Agent.
- Clarence_13X type Person.
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- Clarence_13X type Q215627.
- Clarence_13X type Q5.
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- Clarence_13X comment "Clarence Edward Smith, (February 22, 1928 – June 13, 1969) better known by his assumed names Clarence 13X and Allah, was an American religious leader who founded the Five Percent movement, a group that split from the Nation of Islam (NOI). He was born in Virginia, but moved to New York City as a young man before serving in the United States Army during the Korean War. After returning to New York, he learned that his wife had joined the NOI and followed her, taking the name Clarence 13X.".
- Clarence_13X label "Clarence 13X".
- Clarence_13X label "Clarence 13X".
- Clarence_13X label "Clarence 13X".
- Clarence_13X sameAs Clarence_13X.
- Clarence_13X sameAs Clarence_13X.
- Clarence_13X sameAs m.04r2wm.
- Clarence_13X sameAs Q1095354.
- Clarence_13X sameAs Q1095354.
- Clarence_13X wasDerivedFrom Clarence_13X?oldid=605052341.
- Clarence_13X depiction Malcolm_Shabazz_Mosque.jpg.
- Clarence_13X isPrimaryTopicOf Clarence_13X.
- Clarence_13X name "Clarence 13X".
- Clarence_13X name "Smith, Clarence Jowars".