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- Clientelism abstract "Clientelism is the exchange of goods and services for political support, often involving an implicit or explicit quid-pro-quo. It is a political system at the heart of which is an asymmetric relationship between groups of political actors described as patrons and clients and political parties. Richard Graham has defined clientelism as a set of actions based on the principle take there, give here, with the practice allowing both clients and patrons to gain advantage from the other's support. Moreover, clientelism is typified by "exchange systems where voters trade political support for various outputs of the public decision-making process."The origin of the practice has been traced to ancient Rome. Here relationships between the patron (patronus) and client (cliens) were seen as crucial to understanding the political process. While the obligations between these were mutual, the key point is they were hierarchical. These relationships might be best viewed not as an entity but rather as a network (clientela), with the patronus himself perhaps being obligated to someone of greater power, and the cliens perhaps having more than one patron. These extensions increase the possibilities of conflicting interests arising. While the familia was the basic unit underlying Roman society, the interlocking networks (clientela) acted as restrictions on their autonomy but allowed a more complex society to develop. Historians of the late medieval period evolved the concept into bastard feudalism. There is, as is usual, ambiguity in the use of political terminology and the terms "clientelism," the "patron-client relationship," "patronage" and the political machine are sometimes used to described similar or related concepts.A key to understanding clientelism might lie in stressing not only the mutually beneficial relationships of exchange but also asymmetries in power or standing. Implied is a certain selectivity in access to key resources and markets. Those with access, the patrons (and/or sometimes sub-patrons or brokers) rely on the subordination and dependence of the clients. In return for receiving some benefits the clients should provide political support. As Stokes, Dunning, Nazareno, and Brusco emphasize, brokers in turn serve political leaders, and they may also not target resources exactly as leaders would wish; the resulting principal-agent problems can have important implications for understanding how clientelism works.Clientelism as a strategy of political organisation is substantially different from other strategies which rely on appeals to wider programmatic objectives or simply emphasize higher degrees of competence. It is often assumed that clientelism is a vestige of political underdevelopment, a form of corruption, and that political modernization will reduce or end it. But alternative views stressing the persistence of clientelism – and the patronage associated with it – have been recognized.".
- Clientelism wikiPageID "30230830".
- Clientelism wikiPageRevisionID "604917765".
- Clientelism hasPhotoCollection Clientelism.
- Clientelism subject Category:Political_corruption.
- Clientelism subject Category:Political_terminology.
- Clientelism subject Category:Public_choice_theory.
- Clientelism comment "Clientelism is the exchange of goods and services for political support, often involving an implicit or explicit quid-pro-quo. It is a political system at the heart of which is an asymmetric relationship between groups of political actors described as patrons and clients and political parties. Richard Graham has defined clientelism as a set of actions based on the principle take there, give here, with the practice allowing both clients and patrons to gain advantage from the other's support.".
- Clientelism label "Clientelism".
- Clientelism label "Clientelismo político".
- Clientelism label "Clientelismo".
- Clientelism label "Clientelismo".
- Clientelism label "Clientélisme".
- Clientelism label "Cliëntelisme".
- Clientelism label "Klientelismus".
- Clientelism label "Клиентела".
- Clientelism sameAs Klientelismus.
- Clientelism sameAs Klientelismus.
- Clientelism sameAs Clientelismo_político.
- Clientelism sameAs Clientélisme.
- Clientelism sameAs Clientelismo.
- Clientelism sameAs Cliëntelisme.
- Clientelism sameAs Clientelismo.
- Clientelism sameAs m.0h3rgqc.
- Clientelism sameAs Q1543464.
- Clientelism sameAs Q1543464.
- Clientelism wasDerivedFrom Clientelism?oldid=604917765.
- Clientelism isPrimaryTopicOf Clientelism.