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- Cluster_decay abstract "Cluster decay, also named heavy particle radioactivity or heavy ion radioactivity, is a type of nuclear decay in which a atomic nucleus emits a small "cluster" of neutrons and protons, more than in an alpha particle, but less than a typical binary fission fragment. Ternary fission into three fragments also produces products in the cluster size. The loss of protons from the parent nucleus changes it to the nucleus of a different element, the daughter, with a mass number Ad = A - Ae and atomic number Zd = Z - Ze where Ae = Ne + Ze. For example:22388Ra → 146C + 20982PbThis type of rare decay mode was observed in radioisotopes that decay predominantly by alpha emission, and it occurs only in a small percentage of the decays for all such isotopes.The branching ratio with respect to alpha decayis rather small (see the Table below). Ta and Tc are the half-lives of the parent nucleus relative to alpha decay and cluster radioactivity, respectively.Cluster decay, like alpha decay, is a quantum tunneling process: in order to be emitted, the cluster must penetrate a potential barrier. This is a different process than the more random nuclear disintegration that precedes light fragment emission in ternary fission, which may be a result of a nuclear reaction, but can also be a type of spontaneous radioactive decay in certain nuclides, demonstrating that input energy is not necessarily needed for fission, which remains a fundamentally different process mechanistically.Theoretically any nucleus with Z > 40 for which the released energy (Q value) is a positive quantity, can be a cluster-emitter. In practice, observations are severely restricted to limitations imposed by currently available experimental techniques which require a sufficiently short half-life, Tc < 1032 s, and a sufficiently large branching ratio B > 10−17.In the absence of any energy loss for fragment deformation and excitation, as in cold fission phenomena or in alpha decay, the total kinetic energy is equal to the Q-value and is divided between the particles in inverse proportion with their masses, as required by conservation of linear momentumwhere Ad is the mass number of the daughter, Ad = A – Ae.Cluster decay exists in an intermediate position between alpha decay (in which a nucleus spits out a He4 nucleus), and spontaneous fission, in which a heavy nucleus splits into two (or more) large fragments and an assorted number of neutrons. Spontaneous fission ends up with a probabilistic distribution of daughter products, which sets it apart from cluster decay. In cluster decay for a given radioisotope, the emitted particle is a light nucleus and the decay method always emits this same particle. For heavier emitted clusters there is otherwise practically no qualitative difference between cluster decay and spontaneous cold fission.".
- Cluster_decay wikiPageExternalLink www.nndc.bnl.gov.
- Cluster_decay wikiPageID "2094449".
- Cluster_decay wikiPageRevisionID "601015853".
- Cluster_decay hasPhotoCollection Cluster_decay.
- Cluster_decay subject Category:Nuclear_physics.
- Cluster_decay subject Category:Radioactivity.
- Cluster_decay comment "Cluster decay, also named heavy particle radioactivity or heavy ion radioactivity, is a type of nuclear decay in which a atomic nucleus emits a small "cluster" of neutrons and protons, more than in an alpha particle, but less than a typical binary fission fragment. Ternary fission into three fragments also produces products in the cluster size.".
- Cluster_decay label "Cluster decay".
- Cluster_decay label "Clusterzerfall".
- Cluster_decay label "Decaimento Cluster".
- Cluster_decay label "Promieniotwórczość ciężkojonowa".
- Cluster_decay label "Radioactivité de clusters".
- Cluster_decay label "Кластерная радиоактивность".
- Cluster_decay label "クラスタ崩壊".
- Cluster_decay sameAs Clusterzerfall.
- Cluster_decay sameAs Radioactivité_de_clusters.
- Cluster_decay sameAs クラスタ崩壊.
- Cluster_decay sameAs 뭉치_붕괴.
- Cluster_decay sameAs Promieniotwórczość_ciężkojonowa.
- Cluster_decay sameAs Decaimento_Cluster.
- Cluster_decay sameAs m.06lrk2.
- Cluster_decay sameAs Q901540.
- Cluster_decay sameAs Q901540.
- Cluster_decay wasDerivedFrom Cluster_decay?oldid=601015853.
- Cluster_decay isPrimaryTopicOf Cluster_decay.