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- Colfax_massacre abstract "The Colfax Massacre, or Colfax Riot, as the events are termed on the 1950 state historic marker, occurred on Easter Sunday, April 13, 1873, in Colfax, Louisiana, the seat of Grant Parish, during confrontation between opposing political forces of the Republicans and Democrats.In the wake of the contested 1872 election for governor of Louisiana and local offices, a group of white Democrats, armed with rifles and a small cannon, overpowered Republican freedmen and state militia (also black) trying to control the Grant Parish courthouse in Colfax; white Republican officeholders were not attacked. Most of the freedmen were killed after they surrendered; nearly 50 were killed later that night after being held as prisoners for several hours. Estimates of the number of dead have varied, ranging from 62 to 153; three whites died but the number of black victims was difficult to determine because bodies had been thrown into the river or removed for burial. There were rumors of mass graves at the site.The historian Eric Foner described the massacre as the worst instance of racial violence during Reconstruction. In Louisiana, it had the highest fatalities of any of the numerous violent events following the disputed gubernatorial contest in 1872 between Republicans and Democrats. Foner wrote, "...every election [in Louisiana] between 1868 and 1876 was marked by rampant violence and pervasive fraud." Although the Fusionist-dominated state "returning board," which ruled on vote validity, initially declared John McEnery and his Democratic slate the winners, the board eventually split, with a faction declaring Republican William P. Kellogg the victor. A Republican federal judge in New Orleans ruled that the Republican-majority legislature be seated.Federal prosecution and conviction of a few perpetrators at Colfax under the Enforcement Acts was appealed to the Supreme Court. In a key case, the court ruled in United States v. Cruikshank (1876) that protections of the Fourteenth Amendment did not apply to the actions of individuals, but only to the actions of state governments. After this ruling, the federal government could no longer use the Enforcement Act of 1870 to prosecute actions by paramilitary groups such as the White League, which had chapters forming across Louisiana beginning in 1874. Intimidation and black voter suppression by such paramilitary groups were instrumental to the Democratic Party regaining political control in the state legislature by the late 1870s.In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, historians have paid renewed attention to the events at Colfax and the resulting Supreme Court case, and their meaning in American history.".
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- Colfax_massacre wikiPageExternalLink colfaxr.txt.
- Colfax_massacre wikiPageExternalLink e_colfax.html.
- Colfax_massacre wikiPageExternalLink www.redriverha.org.
- Colfax_massacre wikiPageExternalLink rubin.htm.
- Colfax_massacre wikiPageID "560872".
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- Colfax_massacre hasPhotoCollection Colfax_massacre.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:1873_in_Louisiana.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:1873_riots.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:African-American_history_of_Louisiana.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:History_of_African-American_civil_rights.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:History_of_voting_rights_in_the_United_States.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:Massacres_in_the_United_States.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:Political_repression_in_the_United_States.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:Presidency_of_Ulysses_S._Grant.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:Racially_motivated_violence_against_African_Americans.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:Reconstruction_Era.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:Riots_and_civil_disorder_in_the_United_States.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:Riots_and_civil_unrest_during_the_Reconstruction_Era.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:White_American_riots_in_the_United_States.
- Colfax_massacre subject Category:White_supremacy_in_the_United_States.
- Colfax_massacre point "31.51691 -92.71175".
- Colfax_massacre type 1873Riots.
- Colfax_massacre type Abstraction100002137.
- Colfax_massacre type Act100030358.
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- Colfax_massacre type Aggression100964569.
- Colfax_massacre type Change100191142.
- Colfax_massacre type ChangeOfState100199130.
- Colfax_massacre type Event100029378.
- Colfax_massacre type Homicide100220023.
- Colfax_massacre type Killing100219012.
- Colfax_massacre type MassacresInTheUnitedStates.
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- Colfax_massacre type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Colfax_massacre type Riot101170502.
- Colfax_massacre type RiotsAndCivilDisorderInTheUnitedStates.
- Colfax_massacre type Slaughter100223983.
- Colfax_massacre type Termination100209943.
- Colfax_massacre type Violence100965404.
- Colfax_massacre type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
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- Colfax_massacre comment "The Colfax Massacre, or Colfax Riot, as the events are termed on the 1950 state historic marker, occurred on Easter Sunday, April 13, 1873, in Colfax, Louisiana, the seat of Grant Parish, during confrontation between opposing political forces of the Republicans and Democrats.In the wake of the contested 1872 election for governor of Louisiana and local offices, a group of white Democrats, armed with rifles and a small cannon, overpowered Republican freedmen and state militia (also black) trying to control the Grant Parish courthouse in Colfax; white Republican officeholders were not attacked. ".
- Colfax_massacre label "Colfax massacre".
- Colfax_massacre label "Masacre de Colfax".
- Colfax_massacre sameAs Masacre_de_Colfax.
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- Colfax_massacre sameAs Q5144758.
- Colfax_massacre sameAs Q5144758.
- Colfax_massacre sameAs Colfax_massacre.
- Colfax_massacre lat "31.51691".
- Colfax_massacre long "-92.71175".
- Colfax_massacre wasDerivedFrom Colfax_massacre?oldid=604108846.
- Colfax_massacre depiction ColfaxMassacre.jpg.
- Colfax_massacre isPrimaryTopicOf Colfax_massacre.