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- Convention_of_Constantinople abstract "The Convention of Constantinople was a treaty signed by the United Kingdom, Germany, Austro-Hungary, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire on October 29, 1888. In the 1880s Britain had recently acquired physical control over the Suez Canal and Egypt. France, which had dominated the Canal and still controlled the majority of shares of Suez Canal Company, hoped to weaken British control and attempted to sway European opinion in favor of internationalizing the Canal. The two powers compromised by neutralizing the canal by this treaty. Article I, guaranteeing passage to all ships during war and peace was in tension with Article X, which allowed the Khedive to take measures for "the defence of Egypt and the maintenance of public order." The latter clause was used to defend their actions by the British in the Second World War and by Egypt against Israeli shipping after 1948. However, Britain accepted the treaty reluctantly and only with serious reservations:The delegates of Great Britain, in offering this text as the definitive rule to secure the free use of the Suez Canal believe it is their duty to announce a general reservation as to the applicability of its provisions in so far as they are incompatible with the transitory and exceptional state in which Egypt is actually found and so far as they might fetter the liberty of action of the government during the occupation of Egypt by the British forces.France accepted the reservation, but in accordance with international law at the time, noted that this made the treaty a "technically inoperative" "academic declaration." The reservation was only removed by the Entente Cordiale between Britain and France, and the convention finally came into force in 1904. The Entente stipulated that the functioning of the international supervisory commission described in article 8 would "remain in abeyance." However, for the next forty years, British actions would be largely in the spirit of the abandoned reservation. On August 5, 1914 at the beginning of the First World War, Egypt declared that the canal would be open to ships of all nations, but Britain converted its occupation into a British Protectorate, and barred Canal access to enemy ships. Citing the security of the Canal, Britain attempted to maintain its prerogatives in unilateral declarations.The signatories comprised all the great European powers at the time, and the treaty was interpreted as a guaranteed right of passage of all ships through the Suez Canal during war and peace.".
- Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageExternalLink books?output=html&id=7fo0AAAAIAAJ&dq=Barclay+Thomas+Problems+of+International+Practice+and+Diplomacy&jtp=308.
- Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageID "1834511".
- Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageRevisionID "596112773".
- Convention_of_Constantinople dateDraft "1888-03-02".
- Convention_of_Constantinople dateEffective "--12-22".
- Convention_of_Constantinople dateExpiration "N/A".
- Convention_of_Constantinople dateSigned "1888-10-29".
- Convention_of_Constantinople depositor "Ottoman Empire".
- Convention_of_Constantinople hasPhotoCollection Convention_of_Constantinople.
- Convention_of_Constantinople language French_language.
- Convention_of_Constantinople locationSigned Istanbul.
- Convention_of_Constantinople name "Convention of Constantinople".
- Convention_of_Constantinople signatories "United Kingdom, Germany, Austro-Hungary, the Netherlands, Spain, France, Russian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire".
- Convention_of_Constantinople type "Multilateral trade treaty".
- Convention_of_Constantinople subject Category:1888_in_Egypt.
- Convention_of_Constantinople subject Category:1888_treaties.
- Convention_of_Constantinople subject Category:Suez_Canal.
- Convention_of_Constantinople subject Category:Treaties_entered_into_force_in_1904.
- Convention_of_Constantinople type 1888Treaties.
- Convention_of_Constantinople type Abstraction100002137.
- Convention_of_Constantinople type Agreement106770275.
- Convention_of_Constantinople type Communication100033020.
- Convention_of_Constantinople type Document106470073.
- Convention_of_Constantinople type LegalDocument106479665.
- Convention_of_Constantinople type Message106598915.
- Convention_of_Constantinople type Statement106722453.
- Convention_of_Constantinople type Treaty106773434.
- Convention_of_Constantinople type Writing106362953.
- Convention_of_Constantinople type WrittenAgreement106771653.
- Convention_of_Constantinople type WrittenCommunication106349220.
- Convention_of_Constantinople comment "The Convention of Constantinople was a treaty signed by the United Kingdom, Germany, Austro-Hungary, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire on October 29, 1888. In the 1880s Britain had recently acquired physical control over the Suez Canal and Egypt.".
- Convention_of_Constantinople label "Convención de Constantinopla".
- Convention_of_Constantinople label "Conventie van Constantinopel".
- Convention_of_Constantinople label "Convention de Constantinople".
- Convention_of_Constantinople label "Convention of Constantinople".
- Convention_of_Constantinople label "Convenção de Constantinopla".
- Convention_of_Constantinople label "Konvention von Konstantinopel".
- Convention_of_Constantinople label "اتفاقية القسطنطينية".
- Convention_of_Constantinople label "スエズ運河の自由航行に関する条約".
- Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Konstantinopolská_konvence.
- Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Konvention_von_Konstantinopel.
- Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Convención_de_Constantinopla.
- Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Convention_de_Constantinople.
- Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs スエズ運河の自由航行に関する条約.
- Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Conventie_van_Constantinopel.
- Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Convenção_de_Constantinopla.
- Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs m.05_ny2.
- Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Q761454.
- Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Q761454.
- Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Convention_of_Constantinople.
- Convention_of_Constantinople wasDerivedFrom Convention_of_Constantinople?oldid=596112773.
- Convention_of_Constantinople isPrimaryTopicOf Convention_of_Constantinople.