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- Cuban_missile_crisis abstract "The Cuban missile crisis—known as the October Crisis (Spanish: Crisis de octubre) or The Missile Scare in Cuba and the Caribbean Crisis (Russian: Карибский кризис, tr. Karibskiy krizis) in the former USSR—was a 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side and the United States on the other side. The crisis is generally regarded as the moment in which the Cold War came closest to turning into a nuclear conflict and is also the first documented instance of mutual assured destruction (MAD) being discussed as a determining factor in a major international arms agreement.After the US had placed nuclear missiles in Turkey and Italy, aimed at Moscow, and the failed US attempt to overthrow the Cuban regime, in May 1962 Nikita Khrushchev proposed the idea of placing Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba to deter any future invasion attempt. During a meeting between Khrushchev and Fidel Castro that July, a secret agreement was reached and construction of several missile sites began in the late summer.These preparations were noticed by the Defense Intelligence Agency, which on October 14 tasked an Air Force-operated U-2 aircraft with scanning the suspected areas in Cuba, securing clear photographic evidence of medium-range and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles (MRBMs and IRBMs) on the ground. The United States considered attacking Cuba via air and sea, but decided on a military blockade instead, calling it a "quarantine" for legal and other reasons. The US announced that it would not permit offensive weapons to be delivered to Cuba, while demanding the dismantlement and return of Soviet weapons back to the USSR.The Kennedy administration held only a slim hope that the Kremlin would agree to their demands, and expected a military confrontation. These fears were underpinned by the October 24, 1962 letter of Soviet Premier Khrushchev to President John F. Kennedy, in which he stated that the US blockade of "navigation in international waters and air space" constituted "an act of aggression propelling human kind into the abyss of a world nuclear-missile war". However, in secret back-channel communications the President and Premier initiated a proposal to resolve the crisis.While the tense negotiations were taking place, several Soviet ships attempted to run the blockade, increasing tensions to the point that orders were sent out to US Navy ships to fire warning shots and then open fire. On October 27, a U-2 plane was shot down by a Soviet missile crew, an action that could have resulted in immediate retaliation from the Kennedy crisis cabinet, according to Secretary of Defense McNamara's later testimony. Kennedy stayed his hand and the negotiations continued.The confrontation ended on October 28, 1962, when Kennedy and United Nations Secretary-General U Thant reached an agreement with Khrushchev. Publicly, the Soviets would dismantle their offensive weapons in Cuba and return them to the Soviet Union, subject to United Nations verification, in exchange for a US public declaration and agreement never to invade Cuba. Secretly, the US also agreed that it would dismantle all US-built Jupiter IRBMs, armed with nuclear warheads, which were deployed in Turkey and Italy against the Soviet Union.After the removal of the missiles and Ilyushin Il-28 light bombers from Cuba, the blockade was formally ended at 6:45 pm EST on November 20, 1962. The tense negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union pointed out the necessity of a quick, clear and direct communication between Washington and Moscow. As a result, the Moscow–Washington hotline was established.".
- Cuban_missile_crisis causalties "1 aircraft damaged".
- Cuban_missile_crisis causalties "1 aircraft shot down".
- Cuban_missile_crisis causalties "1 pilot kept as prisoner".
- Cuban_missile_crisis combatant "Supported by:".
- Cuban_missile_crisis combatant "Warsaw Pact".
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander Amintore_Fanfani.
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander Cemal_G%C3%BCrsel.
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander Che_Guevara.
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander Curtis_LeMay.
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander Fidel_Castro.
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander George_Whelan_Anderson,_Jr..
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander Giorgi_Abashvili.
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander Issa_Pliyev.
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander John_F._Kennedy.
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander Maxwell_D._Taylor.
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander Nikita_Khrushchev.
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander Ra%C3%BAl_Castro.
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander Robert_F._Kennedy.
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander Robert_McNamara.
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander Rodion_Malinovsky.
- Cuban_missile_crisis date "1962-11-20".
- Cuban_missile_crisis isPartOfMilitaryConflict Cold_War.
- Cuban_missile_crisis place Caribbean_Sea.
- Cuban_missile_crisis place Cuba.
- Cuban_missile_crisis result "* Agreement with the Soviet Union that the United States would never invade Cuba without direct provocation".
- Cuban_missile_crisis result "* Creation of a nuclear hotline between the United States and the Soviet Union".
- Cuban_missile_crisis result "* Withdrawal of Soviet Union's nuclear missiles from Cuba".
- Cuban_missile_crisis result "* Withdrawal of United States' nuclear missiles from Turkey".
- Cuban_missile_crisis thumbnail Soviet-R-12-nuclear-ballistic_missile.jpg?width=300.
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- Cuban_missile_crisis wikiPageID "6827".
- Cuban_missile_crisis wikiPageRevisionID "606731868".
- Cuban_missile_crisis align "right".
- Cuban_missile_crisis caption "CIA reference photograph of Soviet R-12 intermediate-range nuclear ballistic missile in Red Square, Moscow".
- Cuban_missile_crisis casualties "1".
- Cuban_missile_crisis combatant "Supported by:".
- Cuban_missile_crisis combatant "Warsaw Pact".
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander "* John F. Kennedy * Robert McNamara * Maxwell D. Taylor * Curtis LeMay * George Whelan Anderson, Jr. * Robert F. Kennedy * Amintore Fanfani * Cemal Gürsel".
- Cuban_missile_crisis commander "* Nikita Khrushchev * Rodion Malinovsky * Issa Pliyev * Georgy Abashvili * Fidel Castro * Raúl Castro * Che Guevara".
- Cuban_missile_crisis conflict "Cuban Missile Crisis".
- Cuban_missile_crisis date "--10-14".
- Cuban_missile_crisis description "--10-22".
- Cuban_missile_crisis filename "John F Kennedy Address on the Buildup of Arms in Cuba.ogg".
- Cuban_missile_crisis hasPhotoCollection Cuban_missile_crisis.
- Cuban_missile_crisis id "gov.ntis.PB94780186".
- Cuban_missile_crisis name "Symposium on Intelligence and the Cuban Missile Crisis 1962".
- Cuban_missile_crisis partof "the Cold War".
- Cuban_missile_crisis place Caribbean_Sea.
- Cuban_missile_crisis place Cuba.
- Cuban_missile_crisis quote "Mr. President, we and you ought not now to pull on the ends of the rope in which you have tied the knot of war, because the more the two of us pull, the tighter that knot will be tied. And a moment may come when that knot will be tied so tight that even he who tied it will not have the strength to untie it, and then it will be necessary to cut that knot, and what that would mean is not for me to explain to you, because you yourself understand perfectly of what terrible forces our countries dispose. Consequently, if there is no intention to tighten that knot and thereby to doom the world to the catastrophe of thermonuclear war, then let us not only relax the forces pulling on the ends of the rope, let us take measures to untie that knot. We are ready for this.".
- Cuban_missile_crisis result "* Withdrawal of Soviet Union's nuclear missiles from Cuba * Withdrawal of United States' nuclear missiles from Turkey * Agreement with the Soviet Union that the United States would never invade Cuba without direct provocation * Creation of a nuclear hotline between the United States and the Soviet Union".
- Cuban_missile_crisis source "--10-26".
- Cuban_missile_crisis title "Address on the Buildup of Arms in Cuba".
- Cuban_missile_crisis width "40.0".
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:1962_in_Cuba.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:1962_in_international_relations.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:1962_in_the_Soviet_Union.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:1962_in_the_United_States.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:Blockades.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:Cold_War.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:Conflicts_in_1962.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:Cuban_Missile_Crisis.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:Cuban_Revolution.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:Cuba–Soviet_Union_relations.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:Cuba–United_States_relations.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:Fidel_Castro.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:History_of_Key_West,_Florida.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:Nikita_Khrushchev.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:Nuclear_history_of_the_United_States.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy.
- Cuban_missile_crisis subject Category:Soviet_Union–United_States_relations.
- Cuban_missile_crisis point "23.11655 -82.388483".
- Cuban_missile_crisis type Event.
- Cuban_missile_crisis type MilitaryConflict.
- Cuban_missile_crisis type SocietalEvent.
- Cuban_missile_crisis type Event.
- Cuban_missile_crisis type Event.