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- Cytochrome_P450 abstract "The cytochrome P450 superfamily of monooxygenases (officially abbreviated as CYP) is a large and diverse group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of organic substances. The substrates of CYP enzymes include metabolic intermediates such as lipids and steroidal hormones, as well as xenobiotic substances such as drugs and other toxic chemicals. CYPs are the major enzymes involved in drug metabolism and bioactivation, accounting for about 75% of the total number of different metabolic reactions.The most common reaction catalyzed by cytochromes P450 is a monooxygenase reaction, e.g., insertion of one atom of oxygen into the aliphatic position of an organic substrate (RH) while the other oxygen atom is reduced to water:RH + O2 + NADPH + H+ → ROH + H2O + NADP+Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) belong to the superfamily of proteins containing a heme cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins. CYPs use a variety of small and large molecules as substrates in enzymatic reactions.They are in general the terminal oxidase enzymes in electron transfer chains, broadly categorized as P450-containing systems. The term P450 is derived from the spectrophotometric peak at the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the enzyme (450 nm) when it is in the reduced state and complexed with CO.CYP enzymes have been identified in all domains of life - animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, archaea, and even in viruses. However, the enzymes have not been found in E. coli. More than 18,000 distinct CYP proteins are known.Most CYPs require a protein partner to deliver one or more electrons to reduce the iron (and eventually molecular oxygen). Based on the nature of the electron transfer proteins CYPs can be classified into several groups:Microsomal P450 systems in which electrons are transferred from NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (variously CPR, POR, or CYPOR). Cytochrome b5 (cyb5) can also contribute reducing power to this system after being reduced by cytochrome b5 reductase (CYB5R).Mitochondrial P450 systems, that employ adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin to transfer electrons from NADPH to P450.Bacterial P450 systems, that employ a ferredoxin reductase and a ferredoxin to transfer electrons to P450.CYB5R/cyb5/P450 systems in which both electrons required by the CYP come from cytochrome b5.FMN/Fd/P450 systems originally found in Rhodococcus sp. in which a FMN-domain-containing reductase is fused to the CYP.P450 only systems, which do not require external reducing power. Notable ones include CYP5 (thromboxane synthase), CYP8 (prostacyclin synthase), and CYP74A (allene oxide synthase).↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑".
- Cytochrome_P450 symbol "p450".
- Cytochrome_P450 thumbnail CytP450Oxidase-1OG2.png?width=300.
- Cytochrome_P450 wikiPageExternalLink supercyp.
- Cytochrome_P450 wikiPageExternalLink CytochromeP450.html.
- Cytochrome_P450 wikiPageExternalLink Cytochrome_P450.html.
- Cytochrome_P450 wikiPageExternalLink flockhart.
- Cytochrome_P450 wikiPageExternalLink p450.althotas.com.
- Cytochrome_P450 wikiPageExternalLink p450.sophia.inra.fr.
- Cytochrome_P450 wikiPageExternalLink expanding-the-toolbox-of-cytochrome-p450s-through-enzyme-engineering.
- Cytochrome_P450 wikiPageExternalLink www.cypalleles.ki.se.
- Cytochrome_P450 wikiPageExternalLink cytochrome-p450-inhibition.
- Cytochrome_P450 wikiPageExternalLink ddiguide.
- Cytochrome_P450 wikiPageExternalLink ~p450srv.
- Cytochrome_P450 wikiPageID "709137".
- Cytochrome_P450 wikiPageRevisionID "606646303".
- Cytochrome_P450 caption "Cytochrome P450 Oxidase".
- Cytochrome_P450 hasPhotoCollection Cytochrome_P450.
- Cytochrome_P450 interpro "IPR0011".
- Cytochrome_P450 name "Cytochrome P450".
- Cytochrome_P450 opmFamily "41".
- Cytochrome_P450 opmProtein "2".
- Cytochrome_P450 pfam "PF00067".
- Cytochrome_P450 prosite "PDOC00081".
- Cytochrome_P450 scop "2".
- Cytochrome_P450 symbol "p450".
- Cytochrome_P450 subject Category:Cytochrome_P450.
- Cytochrome_P450 subject Category:EC_1.14.
- Cytochrome_P450 subject Category:Integral_membrane_proteins.
- Cytochrome_P450 subject Category:Metabolism.
- Cytochrome_P450 subject Category:Pharmacokinetics.
- Cytochrome_P450 type Biomolecule.
- Cytochrome_P450 type Protein.
- Cytochrome_P450 type BiologicalObject.
- Cytochrome_P450 comment "The cytochrome P450 superfamily of monooxygenases (officially abbreviated as CYP) is a large and diverse group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of organic substances. The substrates of CYP enzymes include metabolic intermediates such as lipids and steroidal hormones, as well as xenobiotic substances such as drugs and other toxic chemicals.".
- Cytochrome_P450 label "Citocromo P450".
- Cytochrome_P450 label "Citocromo P450".
- Cytochrome_P450 label "Citocromo P450".
- Cytochrome_P450 label "Cytochrom P450".
- Cytochrome_P450 label "Cytochrom P450".
- Cytochrome_P450 label "Cytochrome P450".
- Cytochrome_P450 label "Cytochrome P450".
- Cytochrome_P450 label "Cytochroom P450".
- Cytochrome_P450 label "Цитохром P450".
- Cytochrome_P450 label "سيتوكروم بي450 أكسيداز".
- Cytochrome_P450 label "シトクロムP450".
- Cytochrome_P450 label "细胞色素P450".
- Cytochrome_P450 sameAs Cytochrom_P450.
- Cytochrome_P450 sameAs Cytochrom_P450.
- Cytochrome_P450 sameAs Citocromo_P450.
- Cytochrome_P450 sameAs Cytochrome_P450.
- Cytochrome_P450 sameAs Sitokrom_P450.
- Cytochrome_P450 sameAs Citocromo_P450.
- Cytochrome_P450 sameAs シトクロムP450.
- Cytochrome_P450 sameAs Cytochroom_P450.
- Cytochrome_P450 sameAs Cytochrom_P450.
- Cytochrome_P450 sameAs Citocromo_P450.
- Cytochrome_P450 sameAs m.034pt6.
- Cytochrome_P450 sameAs Q407693.
- Cytochrome_P450 sameAs Q407693.
- Cytochrome_P450 wasDerivedFrom Cytochrome_P450?oldid=606646303.
- Cytochrome_P450 depiction CytP450Oxidase-1OG2.png.
- Cytochrome_P450 isPrimaryTopicOf Cytochrome_P450.