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- Depyrogenation abstract "Depyrogenation refers to the removal of pyrogens from solution, most commonly from injectable pharmaceuticals.A pyrogen is defined as any substance that can cause a fever. Bacterial pyrogens include endotoxins and exotoxins, although many pyrogens are endogenous to the host. Endotoxins include lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules found as part of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, and are released upon bacterial cell lysis. Endotoxins may become pyrogenic when released into the bloodstream or other tissue where they are not usually found. Although the colon contains Gram-negative bacteria in abundance, they do not cause a pyrogenic effect as the bacteria are not undergoing gross lysis, and the immune system is not exposed to free endotoxin while the colonic wall is intact.When LPS is released upon bacterial cell lysis, the lipid A component is first bound by serum LPS-Binding Protein (LBP) and then transferred to CD14 (either free CD14 in the serum or bound to the cell surface of macrophages or monocytes). This monomerises the aggregated LPS, as the LPS receptor Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) cannot recognise LPS while aggregated. Monomeric LPS is then transferred to MD-2 pre-complexed with TLR4 on macrophages and monocytes. This leads to release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, which may lead ultimately to septic shock depending on the strength of response. Vascular endothelial cells also express TLR4 and MD-2 and so respond to LPS directly, as well as via cytokines and nitric oxide. Bronchial epithelial cells and colonic epithelial cells also express TLR4, but as they do not express MD-2 they rely on LPS precomplexed with serum MD-2 in order to signal to LPS.".
- Depyrogenation wikiPageExternalLink default.cfm?detail=17.
- Depyrogenation wikiPageExternalLink endotoxin.html.
- Depyrogenation wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Depyrogenation wikiPageExternalLink ucm072918.htm.
- Depyrogenation wikiPageExternalLink med.html.
- Depyrogenation wikiPageID "8242848".
- Depyrogenation wikiPageRevisionID "603603318".
- Depyrogenation hasPhotoCollection Depyrogenation.
- Depyrogenation subject Category:Toxicology.
- Depyrogenation comment "Depyrogenation refers to the removal of pyrogens from solution, most commonly from injectable pharmaceuticals.A pyrogen is defined as any substance that can cause a fever. Bacterial pyrogens include endotoxins and exotoxins, although many pyrogens are endogenous to the host. Endotoxins include lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules found as part of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, and are released upon bacterial cell lysis.".
- Depyrogenation label "Depyrogenation".
- Depyrogenation sameAs m.026xjcd.
- Depyrogenation sameAs Q5261106.
- Depyrogenation sameAs Q5261106.
- Depyrogenation wasDerivedFrom Depyrogenation?oldid=603603318.
- Depyrogenation isPrimaryTopicOf Depyrogenation.