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- Diamond abstract "In mineralogy, diamond (from the ancient Greek αδάμας – adámas "unbreakable") is a metastable allotrope of carbon, where the carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centered cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice. Diamond is less stable than graphite, but the conversion rate from diamond to graphite is negligible at standard conditions. Diamond is renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities, most of which originate from the strong covalent bonding between its atoms. In particular, diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any bulk material. Those properties determine the major industrial application of diamond in cutting and polishing tools and the scientific applications in diamond knives and diamond anvil cells.Because of its extremely rigid lattice, it can be contaminated by very few types of impurities, such as boron and nitrogen. Small amounts of defects or impurities (about one per million of lattice atoms) color diamond blue (boron), yellow (nitrogen), brown (lattice defects), green (radiation exposure), purple, pink, orange or red. Diamond also has relatively high optical dispersion (ability to disperse light of different colors).Most natural diamonds are formed at high temperature and pressure at depths of 140 to 190 kilometers (87 to 118 mi) in the Earth's mantle. Carbon-containing minerals provide the carbon source, and the growth occurs over periods from 1 billion to 3.3 billion years (25% to 75% of the age of the Earth). Diamonds are brought close to the Earth′s surface through deep volcanic eruptions by a magma, which cools into igneous rocks known as kimberlites and lamproites. Diamonds can also be produced synthetically in a high-pressure high-temperature process which approximately simulates the conditions in the Earth's mantle. An alternative, and completely different growth technique is chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Several non-diamond materials, which include cubic zirconia and silicon carbide and are often called diamond simulants, resemble diamond in appearance and many properties. Special gemological techniques have been developed to distinguish natural and synthetic diamonds and diamond simulants.".
- Diamond thumbnail Rough_diamond.jpg?width=300.
- Diamond wikiPageExternalLink ?id=pRFUZdHb688C.
- Diamond wikiPageExternalLink Unsustainable_Growth.
- Diamond wikiPageExternalLink W97_fluoresce.pdf.
- Diamond wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Diamond wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Diamond wikiPageExternalLink www.mine2mistress.com.
- Diamond wikiPageExternalLink sky.html.
- Diamond wikiPageExternalLink www.secretsofthegemtrade.com.
- Diamond wikiPageExternalLink diamond.
- Diamond wikiPageID "8082".
- Diamond wikiPageRevisionID "605445408".
- Diamond alt "A clear octahedral stone protrudes from a black rock.".
- Diamond birefringence "None".
- Diamond boxbgcolor "604800.0".
- Diamond caption "The slightly misshapen octahedral shape of this rough diamond crystal in matrix is typical of the mineral. Its lustrous faces also indicate that this crystal is from a primary deposit.".
- Diamond category Native_element_minerals.
- Diamond cleavage "111".
- Diamond color "Typically yellow, brown or gray to colorless. Less often blue, green, black, translucent white, pink, violet, orange, purple and red.".
- Diamond density "3.5".
- Diamond diaphaneity "Transparent to subtransparent to translucent".
- Diamond dispersion "0.044".
- Diamond formula Carbon.
- Diamond fracture Conchoidal_fracture.
- Diamond habit Octahedron.
- Diamond hasPhotoCollection Diamond.
- Diamond luster Lustre_(mineralogy).
- Diamond melt Carbon.
- Diamond mohs "10".
- Diamond name "Diamond".
- Diamond opticalprop "Isotropic".
- Diamond pleochroism "None".
- Diamond polish "Adamantine".
- Diamond refractive "2.418".
- Diamond streak "Colorless".
- Diamond strunz "1".
- Diamond system "Isometric-Hexoctahedral".
- Diamond wordnet_type synset-mineral-noun-1.
- Diamond subject Category:Abrasives.
- Diamond subject Category:Carbon.
- Diamond subject Category:Cubic_minerals.
- Diamond subject Category:Diamond.
- Diamond subject Category:Economic_geology.
- Diamond subject Category:Impact_event_minerals.
- Diamond subject Category:Native_element_minerals.
- Diamond subject Category:Semiconductor_materials.
- Diamond subject Category:Superhard_materials.
- Diamond subject Category:Transparent_materials.
- Diamond type ChemicalSubstance.
- Diamond type Mineral.
- Diamond type ChemicalObject.
- Diamond type Thing.
- Diamond comment "In mineralogy, diamond (from the ancient Greek αδάμας – adámas "unbreakable") is a metastable allotrope of carbon, where the carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centered cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice. Diamond is less stable than graphite, but the conversion rate from diamond to graphite is negligible at standard conditions.".
- Diamond label "Diamant".
- Diamond label "Diamant".
- Diamond label "Diamant".
- Diamond label "Diamante".
- Diamond label "Diamante".
- Diamond label "Diamante".
- Diamond label "Diament".
- Diamond label "Diamond".
- Diamond label "Алмаз".
- Diamond label "ألماس".
- Diamond label "ダイヤモンド".
- Diamond label "钻石".
- Diamond sameAs Diamant.
- Diamond sameAs Diamant.
- Diamond sameAs Διαμάντι.
- Diamond sameAs Diamante.
- Diamond sameAs Diamante.
- Diamond sameAs Diamant.
- Diamond sameAs Intan.
- Diamond sameAs Diamante.
- Diamond sameAs ダイヤモンド.
- Diamond sameAs 다이아몬드.
- Diamond sameAs Diamant.
- Diamond sameAs Diament.
- Diamond sameAs Diamante.
- Diamond sameAs m.027_y.
- Diamond sameAs Q5283.
- Diamond sameAs Q5283.
- Diamond wasDerivedFrom Diamond?oldid=605445408.
- Diamond depiction Rough_diamond.jpg.
- Diamond isPrimaryTopicOf Diamond.
- Diamond name "Diamond".
