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- Diffusion_MRI abstract "Diffusion MRI (or dMRI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method which came into existence in the mid-1980s. It allows the mapping of the diffusion process of molecules, mainly water, in biological tissues, in vivo and non-invasively. Molecular diffusion in tissues is not free, but reflects interactions with many obstacles, such as macromolecules, fibers, membranes, etc. Water molecule diffusion patterns can therefore reveal microscopic details about tissue architecture, either normal or in a diseased state.The first diffusion MRI images of the normal and diseased brain were made public in 1985.Since then, diffusion MRI, also referred to as diffusion tensor imaging or DTI (see section below) has been extraordinarily successful. Its main clinical application has been in the study and treatment of neurological disorders, especially for the management of patients with acute stroke. Because it can reveal abnormalities in white matter fiber structure and provide models of brain connectivity, it is rapidly becoming a standard for white matter disorders. The ability to visualize anatomical connections between different parts of the brain, noninvasively and on an individual basis, has emerged as a major breakthrough for neuroscience's so-called Human Brain Connectome project. More recently, a new field has emerged, diffusion functional MRI (DfMRI) as it was suggested that with dMRI one could also get images of neuronal activation in the brain. Finally, the method of diffusion MRI has also been shown to be sensitive to perfusion, as the movement of water in blood vessels mimics a random process, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM). IVIM dMRI is rapidly becoming a major method to obtain images of perfusion in the body, especially for cancer detection and monitoring.In diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), the intensity of each image element (voxel) reflects the best estimate of the rate of water diffusion at that location. Because the mobility of water is driven by thermal agitation and highly dependent on its cellular environment, the hypothesis behind DWI is that findings may indicate (early) pathologic change. For instance, DWI is more sensitive to early changes after a stroke than more traditional MRI measurements such as T1 or T2 relaxation rates. A variant of diffusion weighted imaging, diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI), was used in deriving the Connectome data sets; DSI is a variant of diffusion-weighted imaging that is sensitive to intra-voxel heterogeneities in diffusion directions caused by crossing fiber tracts and thus allows more accurate mapping of axonal trajectories than other diffusion imaging approaches.DWI is most applicable when the tissue of interest is dominated by isotropic water movement e.g. grey matter in the cerebral cortex and major brain nuclei, or in the body—where the diffusion rate appears to be the same when measured along any axis. However, DWI also remains sensitive to T1 and T2 relaxation. To entangle diffusion and relaxation effects on image contrast, one may obtain quantitative images of the diffusion coefficient, or more exactly the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC). The ADC concept was introduced to take into account the fact that the diffusion process is complex in biological tissues and reflects several different mechanisms.Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is important when a tissue—such as the neural axons of white matter in the brain or muscle fibers in the heart—has an internal fibrous structure analogous to the anisotropy of some crystals. Water will then diffuse more rapidly in the direction aligned with the internal structure, and more slowly as it moves perpendicular to the preferred direction. This also means that the measured rate of diffusion will differ depending on the direction from which an observer is looking.Traditionally, in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), three gradient-directions are applied, sufficient to estimate the trace of the diffusion tensor or 'average diffusivity', a putative measure of edema. Clinically, trace-weighted images have proven to be very useful to diagnose vascular strokes in the brain, by early detection (within a couple of minutes) of the hypoxic edema.More extended DTI scans derive neural tract directional information from the data using 3D or multidimensional vector algorithms based on six or more gradient directions, sufficient to compute the diffusion tensor. The diffusion model is a rather simple model of the diffusion process, assuming homogeneity and linearity of the diffusion within each image voxel. From the diffusion tensor, diffusion anisotropy measures such as the fractional anisotropy (FA), can be computed. Moreover, the principal direction of the diffusion tensor can be used to infer the white-matter connectivity of the brain (i.e. tractography; trying to see which part of the brain is connected to which other part).Recently, more advanced models of the diffusion process have been proposed that aim to overcome the weaknesses of the diffusion tensor model. Amongst others, these include q-space imaging and generalized diffusion tensor imaging.".
- Diffusion_MRI thumbnail Illus_dti.gif?width=300.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink DTITool.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink dipy.org.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink abstract.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink hardi_tools.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink dti.php.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink www.camino.org.uk.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink www.diffusion-mri.org.uk.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink www.dtiatlas.org.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink MultiModalityPlanning-eng.html.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink DiffusionImaging.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink neurography-DiffusionImaging-US05560360.pdf.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink neurography-GB9216383A.pdf.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink thesis.html.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink diff-tensor-imaging.html.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink improved-analysis-brain-connectivity-using-high-angular-resolution-diffusion-imaging.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink improved-processing-diffusion-tensor-magnetic-resonance-images-coregistration-atlas.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageExternalLink modeling-and-processing-diffusion-tensor-magnetic-resonance-images-improved-analysis.
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageID "2574377".
- Diffusion_MRI wikiPageRevisionID "606520668".
- Diffusion_MRI caption "DTI Color Map".
- Diffusion_MRI hasPhotoCollection Diffusion_MRI.
- Diffusion_MRI meshid "D038524".
- Diffusion_MRI name "Diffusion MRI".
- Diffusion_MRI subject Category:Imaging.
- Diffusion_MRI subject Category:Magnetic_resonance_imaging.
- Diffusion_MRI subject Category:Neuroimaging.
- Diffusion_MRI subject Category:Tensors.
- Diffusion_MRI type Abstraction100002137.
- Diffusion_MRI type Cognition100023271.
- Diffusion_MRI type Concept105835747.
- Diffusion_MRI type Content105809192.
- Diffusion_MRI type Idea105833840.
- Diffusion_MRI type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Diffusion_MRI type Quantity105855125.
- Diffusion_MRI type Tensor105864481.
- Diffusion_MRI type Tensors.
- Diffusion_MRI type Variable105857459.
- Diffusion_MRI comment "Diffusion MRI (or dMRI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method which came into existence in the mid-1980s. It allows the mapping of the diffusion process of molecules, mainly water, in biological tissues, in vivo and non-invasively. Molecular diffusion in tissues is not free, but reflects interactions with many obstacles, such as macromolecules, fibers, membranes, etc.".
- Diffusion_MRI label "Diffusion MRI".
- Diffusion_MRI label "Diffusions-Tensor-Bildgebung".
- Diffusion_MRI label "IRM de diffusion".
- Diffusion_MRI label "Imaging con tensore di diffusione".
- Diffusion_MRI label "MRI de difusão".
- Diffusion_MRI label "Диффузионная МРТ".
- Diffusion_MRI label "拡散テンソル画像".
- Diffusion_MRI label "擴散磁振造影".
- Diffusion_MRI sameAs Diffusions-Tensor-Bildgebung.
- Diffusion_MRI sameAs IRM_de_diffusion.
- Diffusion_MRI sameAs Imaging_con_tensore_di_diffusione.
- Diffusion_MRI sameAs 拡散テンソル画像.
- Diffusion_MRI sameAs MRI_de_difusão.
- Diffusion_MRI sameAs m.07p01q.
- Diffusion_MRI sameAs Q899360.
- Diffusion_MRI sameAs Q899360.
- Diffusion_MRI sameAs Diffusion_MRI.
- Diffusion_MRI wasDerivedFrom Diffusion_MRI?oldid=606520668.
- Diffusion_MRI depiction Illus_dti.gif.
- Diffusion_MRI isPrimaryTopicOf Diffusion_MRI.