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- Duchy_of_Parma abstract "The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, which had been conquered by the State of the Church in 1512. These territories, centered on the city of Parma, were given as a fief for Pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese.In 1556, the second Duke, Ottavio Farnese, was given the city of Piacenza, becoming thus also Duke of Piacenza, and so the state was thereafter properly known as the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (Italian: Ducato di Parma e Piacenza).The Farnese family continued to rule until their extinction in 1731, at which point the duchy was inherited by the young son of the King of Spain, Don Charles, whose mother Elizabeth Farnese was the Farnese heiress. He ruled until the end of the War of the Polish Succession in 1735, when Parma was ceded to Emperor Charles VI in exchange for the Two Sicilies.The Habsburgs only ruled until the conclusion of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, when it was ceded back to the Bourbons in the person of Don Philip, Don Charles's younger brother, which received also the little Duchy of Guastalla. As duke Philip, he became the founder of the House of Bourbon-Parma reigning over the Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (Italian: Ducato di Parma, Piacenza e Guastalla).In 1796, the duchy was occupied by French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte, and the political situation of the State became extremely confused. Duke Ferdinand maintained his throne under French military governors until the Treaty of Aranjuez of 1801, when a general agreement between the House of Bourbon and Napoleon formally decided the cession of the duchy to France in exchange for Tuscany, but the Duke lasted in Parma until he died in 1802, maybe by poisoning. However, Napoleon was undecided about the future of the duchy, aspiring to a total engagement of the Bourbons in the European wars as his allies. Even if French laws and administration was gradually introduced, the formal annexation to the French Empire was declared only in 1808 after the outbreak of the conflict against Bourbonic Spain. The duchy was reformed as the département of Taro.In 1814, the duchies were restored under Napoleon's Habsburg wife, Marie Louise, who was to rule them for her lifetime. After Marie Louise's death in 1847, the Duchy was restored to the Bourbon-Parma line, which had been ruling the tiny Duchy of Lucca. In this context, Guastalla was ceded to Modena. The Bourbons ruled until 1859, when they were driven out by a revolution following the French and Sardinian victory in the war against Austria (called Austrian War in France and Second War of Independence in Italy).The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza joined with the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Duchy of Modena to form the United Provinces of Central Italy in December 1859, and merged with the Kingdom of Sardinia into the Kingdom of Italy in March 1860 after holding a referendum.The House of Bourbon continues to claim the title of duke of Parma to this day. Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Parma has held the title since 2010.".
- Duchy_of_Parma capital Parma.
- Duchy_of_Parma currency Parman_lira.
- Duchy_of_Parma dissolutionDate "1859-12-03".
- Duchy_of_Parma dissolutionYear "1859".
- Duchy_of_Parma foundingDate "1545-09-16".
- Duchy_of_Parma foundingYear "1545".
- Duchy_of_Parma thumbnail Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma.svg?width=300.
- Duchy_of_Parma wikiPageExternalLink books?id=L8RDnvGrhS4C&pg=PA421.
- Duchy_of_Parma wikiPageExternalLink parma1848.htm.
- Duchy_of_Parma wikiPageExternalLink Parma.
- Duchy_of_Parma wikiPageID "679134".
- Duchy_of_Parma wikiPageRevisionID "589349457".
- Duchy_of_Parma capital "Parma".
- Duchy_of_Parma commonLanguages Emilian_dialect.
- Duchy_of_Parma commonLanguages Italian_language.
- Duchy_of_Parma commonName "Parma".
- Duchy_of_Parma continent "Europe".
- Duchy_of_Parma conventionalLongName "Duchy of Parma".
- Duchy_of_Parma country "Italy".
- Duchy_of_Parma currency Parman_lira.
- Duchy_of_Parma dateEnd "--12-03".
- Duchy_of_Parma dateEvent "1748-04-24".
- Duchy_of_Parma dateEvent "1802-11-01".
- Duchy_of_Parma dateEvent "1808".
- Duchy_of_Parma dateEvent "1814-04-11".
- Duchy_of_Parma dateStart "--09-16".
- Duchy_of_Parma empire "Holy Roman Empire".
- Duchy_of_Parma event First_French_Empire.
- Duchy_of_Parma event Treaty_of_Aix-la-Chapelle_(1748).
- Duchy_of_Parma event "Formal annexation by France".
- Duchy_of_Parma eventEnd Second_Italian_War_of_Independence.
- Duchy_of_Parma eventStart Diploma.
- Duchy_of_Parma eventStart Holy_Roman_Empire.
- Duchy_of_Parma flagP "Flag of France.svg".
- Duchy_of_Parma flagP "Flag of Milan.svg".
- Duchy_of_Parma flagS "Flag of France.svg".
- Duchy_of_Parma flagS "Flag of Italy .svg".
- Duchy_of_Parma governmentType "Principality".
- Duchy_of_Parma hasPhotoCollection Duchy_of_Parma.
- Duchy_of_Parma imageCoat "Ducal Coat of Arms of Parma .svg".
- Duchy_of_Parma imageFlag "Flag of the Duchy of Parma.svg".
- Duchy_of_Parma imageMap "DuchyofParma.png".
- Duchy_of_Parma imageMapCaption "The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza".
- Duchy_of_Parma leader "Peter Louis".
- Duchy_of_Parma leader "Robert I".
- Duchy_of_Parma lifeSpan "1545".
- Duchy_of_Parma lifeSpan "1814".
- Duchy_of_Parma p "Duchy of Milan".
- Duchy_of_Parma p "Taro".
- Duchy_of_Parma region "Italy".
- Duchy_of_Parma religion Catholic_Church.
- Duchy_of_Parma s "Taro".
- Duchy_of_Parma s "United Provinces of Central Italy".
- Duchy_of_Parma status "Vassal".
- Duchy_of_Parma titleLeader Duke_of_Parma.
- Duchy_of_Parma yearEnd "1859".
- Duchy_of_Parma yearLeader "1545".
- Duchy_of_Parma yearLeader "1854".
- Duchy_of_Parma yearStart "1545".
- Duchy_of_Parma subject Category:Contemporary_Italian_history.
- Duchy_of_Parma subject Category:Dukes_of_Parma.
- Duchy_of_Parma subject Category:Dukes_of_Piacenza.
- Duchy_of_Parma subject Category:House_of_Bourbon-Parma.
- Duchy_of_Parma subject Category:House_of_Habsburg.
- Duchy_of_Parma subject Category:House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine.
- Duchy_of_Parma subject Category:Parma.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Aristocrat109807754.
- Duchy_of_Parma type CausalAgent100007347.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Duke110038620.
- Duchy_of_Parma type DukesOfParma.
- Duchy_of_Parma type DukesOfPiacenza.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Leader109623038.
- Duchy_of_Parma type LivingThing100004258.
- Duchy_of_Parma type MaleAristocrat110285135.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Noble110271677.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Object100002684.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Organism100004475.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Peer110412910.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Person100007846.
- Duchy_of_Parma type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Whole100003553.
- Duchy_of_Parma type YagoLegalActor.
- Duchy_of_Parma type YagoLegalActorGeo.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Country.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Place.
- Duchy_of_Parma type PopulatedPlace.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Wikidata:Q532.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Country.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Place.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Country.
- Duchy_of_Parma type Location.
- Duchy_of_Parma comment "The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, which had been conquered by the State of the Church in 1512.".
- Duchy_of_Parma label "Ducado de Parma e Placência".
- Duchy_of_Parma label "Ducado de Parma".
- Duchy_of_Parma label "Ducato di Parma e Piacenza".
- Duchy_of_Parma label "Duchy of Parma".
- Duchy_of_Parma label "Duché de Parme et de Plaisance".
- Duchy_of_Parma label "Hertogdom Parma en Piacenza".
- Duchy_of_Parma label "Herzogtum Parma".