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• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw abstract "Eight Deer Jaguar Claw (Mixtec: Iya Nacuaa Teyusi Ñaña ) was a powerful Mixtec ruler in 11th century Oaxaca referred to in the 15th century deerskin manuscript Codex Zouche-Nuttall, and other Mixtec manuscripts. His surname is alternatively translated Tiger-Claw and Ocelot-Claw. John Pohl has dated his life as having lasted from 1063 until his death by sacrifice in 1115. Consonant with standard Aztec practice, the "Eight Deer" component of his name refers to his day of birth within the 260-day Aztec cycle, which cycles through 13 numbers and 20 various signs (e.g., animals, plants, natural phenomena).His reputation as a great ruler has given him a legendary status among the Mixtecs and some aspects of his life story as it is told in the pictographic codices seem to merge with myth. Furthermore, actual knowledge of his life is hindered by the lack of complete understanding of the Mixtec codices, and although the study of the codices has advanced much over the past 20 years, it is still difficult to achieve a definitive interpretation of their narrative. The narrative, as it is currently understood, is a tragic story of a man who achieves greatness but falls victim to his own hunger for power. The following biography of 8 Deer is based on the way it is interpreted by specialist in Mixtec archaeology and ethnohistory, John Pohl.Born on the Mixtec Calendar date from which he got his name, 8 Deer was the son of the high priest of Tilantongo 5 Crocodile “Sun of Rain”. His mother was Lady 9 Eagle “Cocoa-Flower”, queen of Tecamachalco. He also had a brother 12 Earthquake “Bloody Jaguar” and 9 Flower “Copalball with Arrow” who were both faithful war companions of 8 Deer. He also had a half-sister 6 Lizard “Jade-Fan”. First the fiancee and lover of 8 Deer himself, she was finally married to 8 Deer's archenemy 11 Wind “Bloody Jaguar”, the king of the city "Xipe's Bundle", also known as Red and White Bundle. The lords of Xipe's Bundle had rights to the throne of Tilantongo and were therefore the most important rivals to 8 Deer's power.Lord 8 Deer is remembered for his military expansion. Codex Zouche-Nuttall counts 94 conquered cities during his reign. He was the only Mixtec king ever to unite kingdoms of the three Mixtec areas: Tilantongo in the Mixteca Alta area with Teozacualco of the Mixteca Baja area and Tututepec of the coastal Mixteca area. Almost always pictured wearing a jaguar helmet, he supported the powerful Toltec ruler of Cholula, Lord 4 Jaguar “Face of the Night” in his attempts at expansionism, and was thus awarded a turquoise nose ornament, a symbol of Toltec royal authority.The Codices also tell of his several marriages which seem to have been part of a political strategy to achieve dominance by marrying into different Mixtec royal lineages. He married 13 Serpent, daughter of his own stepsister and former fiancee 6 Lizard. In 1101 8 Deer finally conquered Xipe's Bundle, killed his wife's father and his stepsister's husband 11 Wind and tortured and killed his brothers-in-law, except the youngest one by the name of 4 Wind. In 1115 4 Wind lead an alliance between different Mixtec kingdoms against 8 Deer who was taken prisoner and sacrificed by 4 wind, his own nephew and brother-in-law.".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw alias "Eight Deer, Eight Deer Ocelot Claw".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw birthPlace Tilantongo.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw birthYear "0011".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw deathDate "1115".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw deathPlace Tilantongo.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw deathYear "0012".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw deathYear "1115".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw occupation Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw__1.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw thumbnail Oaxaca_ocho_venado.png?width=300.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw wikiPageExternalLink pohlmixtec1.html.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw wikiPageExternalLink 20031037.pdf.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw wikiPageID "2134697".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw wikiPageRevisionID "552032461".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw birthDate "11".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw birthPlace "Tilantongo, Mexico".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw caption "Eight Deer Jaguar Claw Meeting with Four Jaguar, in a depiction from the Codex Zouche-Nuttall, His name glyph with a deer head and eight red dots is above his head.".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw dateOfDeath "1115".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw deathDate "12".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw deathPlace "Tilantongo, Mexico".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw hasPhotoCollection Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw name "Eight Deer Jaguar Claw".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw occupation "Mixtec ruler".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw otherNames "Eight Deer, Eight Deer Ocelot Claw".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw placeOfBirth "Tilantongo, Mexico".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw placeOfDeath "Tilantongo, Mexico".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw shortDescription "Mixtec ruler".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw description "Mixtec ruler".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw description "Mixtec ruler".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw subject Category:1115_deaths.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw subject Category:Mixtec_people.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw subject Category:World_Digital_Library_related.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw subject Category:Year_of_birth_unknown.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw type CausalAgent100007347.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw type LivingThing100004258.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw type MixtecPeople.
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• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw type Whole100003553.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw type YagoLegalActor.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw type YagoLegalActorGeo.
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• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw type Q215627.
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• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw comment "Eight Deer Jaguar Claw (Mixtec: Iya Nacuaa Teyusi Ñaña ) was a powerful Mixtec ruler in 11th century Oaxaca referred to in the 15th century deerskin manuscript Codex Zouche-Nuttall, and other Mixtec manuscripts. His surname is alternatively translated Tiger-Claw and Ocelot-Claw. John Pohl has dated his life as having lasted from 1063 until his death by sacrifice in 1115.".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw label "Acht Hert Jaguarklauw".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw label "Eight Deer Jaguar Claw".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw label "Huit-Cerf Griffe d'Ocelot".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw label "Ocho Venado".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw label "Oito Veado".
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw sameAs Ocho_Venado.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw sameAs Huit-Cerf_Griffe_d'Ocelot.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw sameAs Delapan_Rusa_Cakar_Jaguar.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw sameAs Acht_Hert_Jaguarklauw.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw sameAs Oito_Veado.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw sameAs m.06pcx_.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw sameAs Q1189098.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw sameAs Q1189098.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw sameAs Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw wasDerivedFrom Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw?oldid=552032461.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw depiction Oaxaca_ocho_venado.png.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw isPrimaryTopicOf Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw.
• Eight_Deer_Jaguar_Claw name "Eight Deer Jaguar Claw".