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- Electron abstract "The electron (symbol: e−) is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge. Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton. Quantum mechanical properties of the electron include an intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of a half-integer value in units of ħ, which means that it is a fermion. Being fermions, no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state, in accordance with the Pauli exclusion principle. Electrons also have properties of both particles and waves, and so can collide with other particles and can be diffracted like light. Experiments with electrons best demonstrate this duality because electrons have a tiny mass.Many physical phenomena involve electrons in an essential role, such as electricity, magnetism, and thermal conductivity, and they also participate in gravitational, electromagnetic and weak interactions. An electron in space generates an electric field surrounding it. An electron moving relative to an observer generates a magnetic field. External magnetic fields deflect an electron. Electrons radiate or absorb energy in the form of photons when accelerated. Laboratory instruments are capable of containing and observing individual electrons as well as electron plasma using electromagnetic fields, whereas dedicated telescopes can detect electron plasma in outer space. Electrons have many applications, including electronics, welding, cathode ray tubes, electron microscopes, radiation therapy, lasers, gaseous ionization detectors and particle accelerators.Interactions involving electrons and other subatomic particles are of interest in fields such as chemistry and nuclear physics. The Coulomb force interaction between positive protons inside atomic nuclei and negative electrons composes atoms. Ionization or changes in the proportions of particles changes the binding energy of the system. The exchange or sharing of the electrons between two or more atoms is the main cause of chemical bonding. British natural philosopher Richard Laming first hypothesized the concept of an indivisible quantity of electric charge to explain the chemical properties of atoms in 1838; Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney named this charge 'electron' in 1891, and J. J. Thomson and his team of British physicists identified it as a particle in 1897. Electrons can also participate in nuclear reactions, such as nucleosynthesis in stars, where they are known as beta particles. Electrons may be created through beta decay of radioactive isotopes and in high-energy collisions, for instance when cosmic rays enter the atmosphere. The antiparticle of the electron is called the positron; it is identical to the electron except that it carries electrical and other charges of the opposite sign. When an electron collides with a positron, both particles may be totally annihilated, producing gamma ray photons.".
- Electron thumbnail Crookes_tube-in_use-lateral_view-standing_cross_prPNr°11.jpg?width=300.
- Electron wikiPageExternalLink pdg.lbl.gov.
- Electron wikiPageExternalLink BriefBook.
- Electron wikiPageExternalLink electron.
- Electron wikiPageID "9476".
- Electron wikiPageRevisionID "605324040".
- Electron antiparticle Positron.
- Electron caption "Experiments with a Crookes tube first demonstrated the particle nature of electrons. In this illustration, the profile of the Maltese-cross-shaped target is projected against the tube face at right by a beam of electrons.".
- Electron composition Elementary_particle.
- Electron discovered J._J._Thomson.
- Electron e "7".
- Electron generation "First".
- Electron group Lepton.
- Electron hasPhotoCollection Electron.
- Electron interaction Gravitation.
- Electron interaction Lorentz_force.
- Electron interaction Weak_interaction.
- Electron mass "[{{val|1822.8884845|}}]−1 u".
- Electron name "Electron".
- Electron statistics "Fermionic".
- Electron symbol ",".
- Electron theorized Richard_Laming.
- Electron theorized "G. Johnstone Stoney and others.".
- Electron u "W·cm−2".
- Electron subject Category:Charge_carriers.
- Electron subject Category:Electron.
- Electron subject Category:Leptons.
- Electron subject Category:Quantum_electrodynamics.
- Electron subject Category:Spintronics.
- Electron comment "The electron (symbol: e−) is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge. Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton.".
- Electron label "Electron".
- Electron label "Electrón".
- Electron label "Elektron".
- Electron label "Elektron".
- Electron label "Elektron".
- Electron label "Elettrone".
- Electron label "Elétron".
- Electron label "Électron".
- Electron label "Электрон".
- Electron label "إلكترون".
- Electron label "电子".
- Electron label "電子".
- Electron sameAs Elektron.
- Electron sameAs Elektron.
- Electron sameAs Ηλεκτρόνιο.
- Electron sameAs Electrón.
- Electron sameAs Elektroi.
- Electron sameAs Électron.
- Electron sameAs Elektron.
- Electron sameAs Elettrone.
- Electron sameAs 電子.
- Electron sameAs 전자.
- Electron sameAs Elektron.
- Electron sameAs Elektron.
- Electron sameAs Elétron.
- Electron sameAs m.02l7x.
- Electron sameAs Q2225.
- Electron sameAs Q2225.
- Electron wasDerivedFrom Electron?oldid=605324040.
- Electron depiction Crookes_tube-in_use-lateral_view-standing_cross_prPNr°11.jpg.
- Electron isPrimaryTopicOf Electron.