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- Elizabeth_I_of_England abstract "Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called "The Virgin Queen", "Gloriana" or "Good Queen Bess", Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. The daughter of Henry VIII, she was born into the royal succession, but her mother, Anne Boleyn, was executed two and a half years after her birth, with Anne's marriage to Henry VIII being annulled, and Elizabeth hence declared illegitimate. Her half-brother, Edward VI, ruled as king until his death in 1553, whereupon he bequeathed the crown to Lady Jane Grey, cutting his two half-sisters, Elizabeth and the Roman Catholic Mary, out of the succession in spite of statute law to the contrary. His will was set aside, Mary became queen, and Lady Jane Grey was executed. In 1558, Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister, during whose reign she had been imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.Elizabeth set out to rule by good counsel, and she depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers led by William Cecil, Baron Burghley. One of her first moves as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement later evolved into today's Church of England. It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir so as to continue the Tudor line. She never did, however, despite numerous courtships. As she grew older, Elizabeth became famous for her virginity, and a cult grew up around her which was celebrated in the portraits, pageants, and literature of the day.In government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and half-siblings had been. One of her mottoes was "video et taceo" ("I see, and say nothing"). In religion she was relatively tolerant, avoiding systematic persecution. After 1570, when the pope declared her illegitimate and released her subjects from obedience to her, several conspiracies threatened her life. All plots were defeated, however, with the help of her ministers' secret service. Elizabeth was cautious in foreign affairs, moving between the major powers of France and Spain. She only half-heartedly supported a number of ineffective, poorly resourced military campaigns in the Netherlands, France, and Ireland. In the mid-1580s, war with Spain could no longer be avoided, and when Spain finally decided to attempt to conquer England in 1588, the failure of the Spanish Armada associated her with one of the greatest military victories in English history.Elizabeth's reign is known as the Elizabethan era, famous above all for the flourishing of English drama, led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, and for the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as Francis Drake. Some historians are more reserved in their assessment. They depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered, sometimes indecisive ruler, who enjoyed more than her share of luck. Towards the end of her reign, a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity. Elizabeth is acknowledged as a charismatic performer and a dogged survivor, in an age when government was ramshackle and limited and when monarchs in neighbouring countries faced internal problems that jeopardised their thrones. Such was the case with Elizabeth's rival, Mary, Queen of Scots, whom she imprisoned in 1568 and eventually had executed in 1587. After the short reigns of Elizabeth's half-siblings, her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity.".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England activeYearsEndYear "1603".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England activeYearsStartYear "1558".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England alias "The Virgin Queen; Gloriana; Good Queen Bess".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England birthDate "1533-09-07".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England birthPlace Greenwich.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England birthPlace Kingdom_of_England.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England birthPlace Palace_of_Placentia.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England birthYear "1533".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England deathDate "1603-03-24".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England deathPlace Kingdom_of_England.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England deathPlace Richmond_Palace.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England deathPlace Surrey.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England deathYear "1603".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England lccnId "n/79/81709".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England parent Anne_Boleyn.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England parent Henry_VIII_of_England.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England predecessor Mary_I_of_England.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England predecessor Philip_II_of_Spain.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England restingPlace Westminster_Abbey.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England successor James_VI_and_I.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England thumbnail Darnley_stage_3.jpg?width=300.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England wikiPageExternalLink 0230112145.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England wikiPageExternalLink 0521024838.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England wikiPageExternalLink www.elizabethan-portraits.com.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England wikiPageExternalLink 1872838.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England wikiPageExternalLink 8636.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England wikiPageExternalLink camden.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England wikiPageExternalLink 1350639&referer=brief_results.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England wikiPageExternalLink 59210072&referer=brief_results.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England wikiPageID "10128".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England wikiPageRevisionID "605818923".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England alternativeNames "The Virgin Queen; Gloriana; Good Queen Bess".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England birthDate "1533-09-07".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England birthPlace Greenwich.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England birthPlace Kingdom_of_England.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England birthPlace Palace_of_Placentia.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England caption "The "Darnley Portrait" of Elizabeth I".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England coronation "1559-01-15".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England dateOfBirth "1533-09-07".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England dateOfDeath "1603-03-24".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England deathDate "1603-03-24".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England deathPlace "Richmond Palace, Surrey, England".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England father Henry_VIII_of_England.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England hasPhotoCollection Elizabeth_I_of_England.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England house Tudor_dynasty.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England id "1452".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England mother Anne_Boleyn.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England name "Elizabeth I of England".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England name "Elizabeth I".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England name "Queen Elizabeth I".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England placeOfBirth "Greenwich, England".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England placeOfBurial Westminster_Abbey.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England placeOfDeath "Richmond, Surrey".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England preType "Predecessors".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England predecessor "Mary I and Philip".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England reign "--11-17".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England religion Anglicanism.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England shortDescription "Queen regnant of England and Ireland, last of the Tudor dynasty".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England signature "Autograph of Elizabeth I of England.svg".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England succession "Queen of England and Ireland".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England successor James_VI_and_I.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England title "Queen of England and Ireland".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England years "1558".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England description "Queen regnant of England and Ireland, last of the Tudor dynasty".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England description "Queen regnant of England and Ireland, last of the Tudor dynasty".
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:1533_births.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:1603_deaths.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:16th-century_English_people.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:16th-century_English_writers.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:16th-century_female_rulers.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:16th-century_monarchs_in_Europe.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:16th-century_poets.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:16th-century_translators.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:16th-century_women.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:16th-century_women_writers.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:17th-century_English_people.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:17th-century_female_rulers.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:17th-century_monarchs_in_Europe.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:17th-century_women.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:Burials_at_Westminster_Abbey.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:Children_of_Henry_VIII_of_England.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:Elizabeth_I_of_England.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:English_Anglicans.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:English_monarchs.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:English_people_of_Welsh_descent.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:English_people_of_the_Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585–1604).
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:English_pretenders_to_the_French_throne.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:English_women_writers.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:Founders_of_English_schools_and_colleges.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:House_of_Tudor.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:People_excommunicated_by_the_Roman_Catholic_Church.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:People_from_Greenwich.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:People_of_the_French_Wars_of_Religion.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:Prisoners_in_the_Tower_of_London.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:Protestant_monarchs.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:Queens_regnant_of_England.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:Regicides_of_Mary,_Queen_of_Scots.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:Smallpox_survivors.
- Elizabeth_I_of_England subject Category:Women_in_17th-century_warfare.