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- Empress_Matilda abstract "Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 1102 – 10 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude or Matilda of England, was the leader of one of the factions in the Anarchy, a civil war in England. The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. She travelled with her husband into Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned in St. Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. Matilda and Henry had no children, and when he died in 1125, the crown was claimed by Lothair II, one of his political enemies.Meanwhile, Matilda's younger brother, William Adelin, died in the White Ship disaster of 1120, leaving England facing a potential succession crisis. On Henry V's death, Matilda was recalled to Normandy by her father, who arranged for her to marry Geoffrey of Anjou to form an alliance to protect his southern borders. Henry I had no further children and nominated Matilda as his heir, making his court swear an oath of loyalty to her and her successors, but the decision was not popular in the Anglo-Norman court. Henry died in 1135 but Matilda and Geoffrey faced opposition from the Norman barons and were unable to pursue their claims. The throne was instead taken by Matilda's cousin Stephen of Blois, who enjoyed the backing of the English Church. Stephen took steps to solidify his new regime, but faced threats both from neighbouring powers and from opponents within his kingdom.In 1139 Matilda crossed to England to take the kingdom by force, supported by her half-brother, Robert of Gloucester, and her uncle, King David I of Scotland, while Geoffrey focused on conquering Normandy. Matilda's forces captured Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, but the Empress's attempt to be crowned at Westminster collapsed in the face of bitter opposition from the London crowds. As a result of this retreat, Matilda was never formally declared Queen of England, and was instead titled the Lady of the English. Robert was captured following the Rout of Winchester in 1141, and Matilda agreed to exchange him for Stephen. Matilda became trapped in Oxford Castle by Stephen's forces that winter, and was forced to escape across the River Isis at night to avoid capture. The war degenerated into a stalemate, with Matilda controlling much of the south-west of England, Stephen the south-east and the Midlands. Large parts of the rest of the country were in the hands of local barons.Matilda returned to Normandy, now in the hands of her husband, in 1148, leaving her eldest son to continue the campaign in England; he eventually succeeded to the throne as Henry II in 1154. She settled her court near Rouen and for the rest of her life focused on the administration of Normandy, acting on Henry's behalf when necessary. Particularly in the early years of her son's reign, she provided political advice and attempted to mediate during the Becket controversy. She worked extensively with the Church, founding Cistercian monasteries, and was known for her piety. She was buried under the high altar at Bec Abbey after her death in 1167.".
- Empress_Matilda activeYearsEndYear "1125".
- Empress_Matilda activeYearsStartYear "1114".
- Empress_Matilda alias "Empress Matilda".
- Empress_Matilda birthDate "1102-02-07".
- Empress_Matilda birthYear "1102".
- Empress_Matilda deathDate "1167-09-10".
- Empress_Matilda deathPlace Rouen.
- Empress_Matilda deathYear "1167".
- Empress_Matilda parent Henry_I_of_England.
- Empress_Matilda parent Matilda_of_Scotland.
- Empress_Matilda spouse Geoffrey_Plantagenet,_Count_of_Anjou.
- Empress_Matilda spouse Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Empress_Matilda thumbnail Empress_Mathilda.png?width=300.
- Empress_Matilda wikiPageID "48951".
- Empress_Matilda wikiPageRevisionID "606350458".
- Empress_Matilda after Richenza_of_Northeim.
- Empress_Matilda alternativeNames "Empress Matilda".
- Empress_Matilda birthDate "--02-07".
- Empress_Matilda caption "15".
- Empress_Matilda dateOfBirth "1102-02-07".
- Empress_Matilda dateOfDeath "1167-09-10".
- Empress_Matilda deathDate "1167-09-10".
- Empress_Matilda deathPlace Rouen.
- Empress_Matilda father Henry_I_of_England.
- Empress_Matilda hasPhotoCollection Empress_Matilda.
- Empress_Matilda house "House of Plantagenet".
- Empress_Matilda house "Norman dynasty".
- Empress_Matilda house "Salian dynasty".
- Empress_Matilda issue Geoffrey,_Count_of_Nantes.
- Empress_Matilda issue Henry_II_of_England.
- Empress_Matilda issue William_FitzEmpress.
- Empress_Matilda mother Matilda_of_Scotland.
- Empress_Matilda name "Empress Matilda".
- Empress_Matilda name "Matilda of England".
- Empress_Matilda placeOfDeath "Rouen".
- Empress_Matilda predecessor "Stephen".
- Empress_Matilda reign "--01-07".
- Empress_Matilda reign "--04-07".
- Empress_Matilda reignType "Tenure".
- Empress_Matilda rows "2".
- Empress_Matilda shortDescription "Disputed ruler of England, last of the House of Normandy".
- Empress_Matilda spouse Geoffrey_Plantagenet,_Count_of_Anjou.
- Empress_Matilda spouse Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Empress_Matilda spouse "m. 1114; dec. 1125".
- Empress_Matilda spouse "m. 1128; dec. 1151".
- Empress_Matilda succession List_of_English_monarchs.
- Empress_Matilda succession List_of_German_queens.
- Empress_Matilda succession List_of_Holy_Roman_Empresses.
- Empress_Matilda successor "Stephen".
- Empress_Matilda title List_of_English_monarchs.
- Empress_Matilda title List_of_German_queens.
- Empress_Matilda title List_of_Holy_Roman_Empresses.
- Empress_Matilda years "1114".
- Empress_Matilda years "1141".
- Empress_Matilda description "Disputed ruler of England, last of the House of Normandy".
- Empress_Matilda description "Disputed ruler of England, last of the House of Normandy".
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:1102_births.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:1167_deaths.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:12th-century_women.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Anglo-Normans.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Burgundian_queens_consort.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Burials_at_Rouen_Cathedral.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Countesses_of_Anjou.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Countesses_of_Maine.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Duchesses_of_Normandy.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:English_people_of_Scottish_descent.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:English_princesses.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Female_regents.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Holy_Roman_Empresses.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:House_of_Normandy.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:House_of_Plantagenet.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Italian_queens_consort.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:People_from_Sutton_Courtenay.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:People_from_Winchester.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:People_of_The_Anarchy.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Queens_regnant_of_England.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Salian_dynasty.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Women_of_medieval_England.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Women_of_medieval_France.
- Empress_Matilda subject Category:Women_of_medieval_Germany.
- Empress_Matilda type 12th-centuryWomen.
- Empress_Matilda type Adult109605289.
- Empress_Matilda type Aristocrat109807754.
- Empress_Matilda type CausalAgent100007347.
- Empress_Matilda type Communicator109610660.
- Empress_Matilda type Countess109970402.
- Empress_Matilda type CountessesOfAnjou.
- Empress_Matilda type CountessesOfMaine.
- Empress_Matilda type Duchess110038409.
- Empress_Matilda type DuchessesOfNormandy.
- Empress_Matilda type Emperor110053004.
- Empress_Matilda type Empress110053439.
- Empress_Matilda type EnglishPeopleOfScottishDescent.
- Empress_Matilda type EnglishPrincesses.
- Empress_Matilda type Female109619168.
- Empress_Matilda type FemaleAristocrat110083823.
- Empress_Matilda type FemaleRegents.
- Empress_Matilda type HeadOfState110164747.
- Empress_Matilda type HolyRomanEmpresses.