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- Enrico_Fermi abstract "Enrico Fermi (Italian: [enˈri.ko ˈfeɾ.mi]; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian physicist, best known for his work on Chicago Pile-1 (the first nuclear reactor), and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics, and statistical mechanics. He is one of the men referred to as the "father of the atomic bomb". Fermi held several patents related to the use of nuclear power, and was awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on induced radioactivity by neutron bombardment and the discovery of transuranic elements. He was widely regarded as one of the very few physicists to excel both theoretically and experimentally.Fermi's first major contribution was to statistical mechanics. After Wolfgang Pauli announced his exclusion principle in 1925, Fermi followed with a paper in which he applied the principle to an ideal gas, employing a statistical formulation now known as Fermi–Dirac statistics. Today, particles that obey the exclusion principle are called "fermions". Later Pauli postulated the existence of an uncharged invisible particle emitted along with an electron during beta decay, to satisfy the law of conservation of energy. Fermi took up this idea, developing a model that incorporated the postulated particle, which he named the "neutrino". His theory, later referred to as Fermi's interaction and still later as weak interaction, described one of the four fundamental forces of nature. Through experiments inducing radioactivity with recently discovered neutrons, Fermi discovered that slow neutrons were more easily captured than fast ones, and developed the Fermi age equation to describe this. After bombarding thorium and uranium with slow neutrons, he concluded that he had created new elements; although he was awarded the Nobel Prize for this discovery, the new elements were subsequently revealed to be fission products.Fermi left Italy in 1938 to escape new Italian Racial Laws that affected his Jewish wife Laura. He emigrated to the United States where he worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II. Fermi led the team that designed and built Chicago Pile-1, which went critical on 2 December 1942, demonstrating the first artificial self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. He was on hand when the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge, Tennessee went critical in 1943, and when the B Reactor at the Hanford Site did so the next year. At Los Alamos he headed F Division, part of which worked on Edward Teller's thermonuclear "Super" bomb. He was present at the Trinity test on 16 July 1945, where he used his Fermi method to estimate the bomb's yield.After the war, Fermi served under Oppenheimer on the influential General Advisory Committee, which advised the Atomic Energy Commission on nuclear matters and policy. Following the detonation of the first Soviet fission bomb in August 1949, he strongly opposed the development of a hydrogen bomb on both moral and technical grounds. He was among the scientists who testified on Oppenheimer's behalf at the 1954 hearing that resulted in the denial of the latter's security clearance. Fermi did important work in particle physics, especially related to pions and muons, and he speculated that cosmic rays arose through material being accelerated by magnetic fields in interstellar space. Many awards, concepts, and institutions are named after Fermi, including the Enrico Fermi Award, the Enrico Fermi Institute, the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station, and the synthetic element fermium.".
- Enrico_Fermi almaMater Scuola_Normale_Superiore_di_Pisa.
- Enrico_Fermi award Franklin_Medal.
- Enrico_Fermi award Hughes_Medal.
- Enrico_Fermi award Matteucci_Medal.
- Enrico_Fermi award Medal_for_Merit.
- Enrico_Fermi award Nobel_Prize_in_Physics.
- Enrico_Fermi award Royal_Society.
- Enrico_Fermi award Rumford_Prize.
- Enrico_Fermi birthDate "1901-09-29".
- Enrico_Fermi birthPlace Kingdom_of_Italy.
- Enrico_Fermi birthYear "1901".
- Enrico_Fermi deathDate "1954-11-28".
- Enrico_Fermi deathYear "1954".
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralAdvisor Luigi_Puccianti.
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralStudent Arthur_H._Rosenfeld.
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralStudent Edoardo_Amaldi.
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralStudent Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8.
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralStudent Ettore_Majorana.
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralStudent Geoffrey_Chew.
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralStudent Harold_Agnew.
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralStudent Jerome_Isaac_Friedman.
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralStudent Marvin_Leonard_Goldberger.
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralStudent Owen_Chamberlain.
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralStudent Sam_Treiman.
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralStudent Tsung-Dao_Lee.
- Enrico_Fermi field Physics.
- Enrico_Fermi knownFor Beta_decay.
- Enrico_Fermi knownFor Fermi%E2%80%93Dirac_statistics.
- Enrico_Fermi knownFor Nuclear_chain_reaction.
- Enrico_Fermi lccnId "n/50/26886".
- Enrico_Fermi notableStudent Chen-Ning_Yang.
- Enrico_Fermi notableStudent Jack_Steinberger.
- Enrico_Fermi spouse Laura_Fermi.
- Enrico_Fermi thumbnail Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg?width=300.
- Enrico_Fermi viafId "56670056".
- Enrico_Fermi wikiPageExternalLink 1938.
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- Enrico_Fermi wikiPageExternalLink 92g2p7cd.pdf.
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- Enrico_Fermi wikiPageExternalLink fermi.
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- Enrico_Fermi almaMater "Scuola Normale Superiore".
- Enrico_Fermi awards "* Matteucci Medal * Nobel Prize * Hughes Medal * Medal for Merit * Franklin Medal * ForMemRS * Rumford Prize".
- Enrico_Fermi birthDate "1901-09-29".
- Enrico_Fermi birthPlace "Rome, Italy".
- Enrico_Fermi book "Via Panisperna Boys".
- Enrico_Fermi caption "Enrico Fermi".
- Enrico_Fermi citizenship "Italy".
- Enrico_Fermi citizenship "United States".
- Enrico_Fermi commons "y".
- Enrico_Fermi dateOfBirth "1901-09-29".
- Enrico_Fermi dateOfDeath "1954-11-28".
- Enrico_Fermi deathDate "1954-11-28".
- Enrico_Fermi deathPlace "Chicago, United States".
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralAdvisor Luigi_Puccianti.
- Enrico_Fermi doctoralStudents "* Harold Agnew * Edoardo Amaldi * Owen Chamberlain * Geoffrey Chew * Jerome Friedman * Marvin Goldberger * Tsung-Dao Lee * Ettore Majorana * Arthur Rosenfeld * Emilio Segrè * Sam Treiman".
- Enrico_Fermi fields Physics.
- Enrico_Fermi hasPhotoCollection Enrico_Fermi.
- Enrico_Fermi imageSize "250".
- Enrico_Fermi knownFor "* Nuclear chain reaction * Fermi–Dirac statistics *Theory of beta decay".
- Enrico_Fermi lccn "n/50/26886".
- Enrico_Fermi name "Enrico Fermi".
- Enrico_Fermi name "Fermi, Enrico".
- Enrico_Fermi notableStudents "*Jack Steinberger *Chen Ning Yang".
- Enrico_Fermi placeOfBirth "Rome, Italy".
- Enrico_Fermi placeOfDeath "Chicago, Illinois, United States".
- Enrico_Fermi pnd "118683322".
- Enrico_Fermi portal "Biography".
- Enrico_Fermi portal "History of science".
- Enrico_Fermi portal "Italy".
- Enrico_Fermi portal "Nuclear technology".
- Enrico_Fermi portal "Physics".
- Enrico_Fermi portal "United States".
- Enrico_Fermi portal "World War II".
- Enrico_Fermi q "y".
- Enrico_Fermi quote "As a person, Fermi seemed simplicity itself. He was extraordinarily vigorous and loved games and sport. On such occasions his ambitious nature became apparent. He played tennis with considerable ferocity and when climbing mountains acted rather as a guide. One might have called him a benevolent dictator. I remember once at the top of a mountain Fermi got up and said: "Well, it is two minutes to two, let's all leave at two o'clock"; and of course, everybody got up faithfully and obediently. This leadership and self-assurance gave Fermi the name of "The Pope" whose pronouncements were infallible in physics. He once said: "I can calculate anything in physics within a factor 2 on a few sheets: to get the numerical factor in front of the formula right may well take a physicist a year to calculate, but I am not interested in that." His leadership could go so far that it was a danger to the independence of the person working with him. I recollect once, at a party at his house when my wife cut the bread, Fermi came along and said he had a different philosophy on bread-cutting and took the knife out of my wife's hand and proceeded with the job because he was convinced that his own method was superior. But all this did not offend at all, but rather charmed everybody into liking Fermi. He had very few interests outside physics and when he once heard me play on Teller's piano he confessed that his interest in music was restricted to simple tunes.".
- Enrico_Fermi s "y".
- Enrico_Fermi shortDescription "Nobel Prize-winning physicist".
- Enrico_Fermi signature "Enrico Fermi signature.svg".
- Enrico_Fermi source "Egon Bretscher".
- Enrico_Fermi spouse Laura_Fermi.
- Enrico_Fermi viaf "56670056".
- Enrico_Fermi width "35.0".
- Enrico_Fermi wordnet_type synset-scientist-noun-1.
- Enrico_Fermi workplaces Columbia_University.
- Enrico_Fermi workplaces Leiden_University.
- Enrico_Fermi workplaces Sapienza_University_of_Rome.
- Enrico_Fermi workplaces Scuola_Normale_Superiore_di_Pisa.
- Enrico_Fermi workplaces University_of_Chicago.
- Enrico_Fermi workplaces University_of_Florence.
- Enrico_Fermi workplaces University_of_Göttingen.
- Enrico_Fermi description "Nobel Prize-winning physicist".
- Enrico_Fermi description "Nobel Prize-winning physicist".
- Enrico_Fermi subject Category:1901_births.