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- Equipartition_theorem abstract "In classical statistical mechanics, the equipartition theorem is a general formula that relates the temperature of a system with its average energies. The equipartition theorem is also known as the law of equipartition, equipartition of energy, or simply equipartition. The original idea of equipartition was that, in thermal equilibrium, energy is shared equally among all of its various forms; for example, the average kinetic energy per degree of freedom in the translational motion of a molecule should equal that of its rotational motions.The equipartition theorem makes quantitative predictions. Like the virial theorem, it gives the total average kinetic and potential energies for a system at a given temperature, from which the system's heat capacity can be computed. However, equipartition also gives the average values of individual components of the energy, such as the kinetic energy of a particular particle or the potential energy of a single spring. For example, it predicts that every atom in a monatomic ideal gas has an average kinetic energy of (3/2)kBT in thermal equilibrium, where kB is the Boltzmann constant and T is the (thermodynamic) temperature. More generally, it can be applied to any classical system in thermal equilibrium, no matter how complicated. The equipartition theorem can be used to derive the ideal gas law, and the Dulong–Petit law for the specific heat capacities of solids. It can also be used to predict the properties of stars, even white dwarfs and neutron stars, since it holds even when relativistic effects are considered.Although the equipartition theorem makes very accurate predictions in certain conditions, it becomes inaccurate when quantum effects are significant, such as at low temperatures. When the thermal energy kBT is smaller than the quantum energy spacing in a particular degree of freedom, the average energy and heat capacity of this degree of freedom are less than the values predicted by equipartition. Such a degree of freedom is said to be "frozen out" when the thermal energy is much smaller than this spacing. For example, the heat capacity of a solid decreases at low temperatures as various types of motion become frozen out, rather than remaining constant as predicted by equipartition. Such decreases in heat capacity were among the first signs to physicists of the 19th century that classical physics was incorrect and that a new, more subtle, scientific model was required. Along with other evidence, equipartition's failure to model black-body radiation—also known as the ultraviolet catastrophe—led Max Planck to suggest that energy in the oscillators in an object, which emit light, were quantized, a revolutionary hypothesis that spurred the development of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory.".
- Equipartition_theorem thumbnail Thermally_Agitated_Molecule.gif?width=300.
- Equipartition_theorem wikiPageExternalLink ex20_4.html.
- Equipartition_theorem wikiPageExternalLink StellarEquipartition.
- Equipartition_theorem wikiPageID "516133".
- Equipartition_theorem wikiPageRevisionID "597590053".
- Equipartition_theorem hasPhotoCollection Equipartition_theorem.
- Equipartition_theorem subject Category:Concepts_in_physics.
- Equipartition_theorem subject Category:Statistical_mechanics_theorems.
- Equipartition_theorem subject Category:Thermodynamics.
- Equipartition_theorem type Abstraction100002137.
- Equipartition_theorem type Cognition100023271.
- Equipartition_theorem type Communication100033020.
- Equipartition_theorem type Concept105835747.
- Equipartition_theorem type Content105809192.
- Equipartition_theorem type FundamentalPhysicsConcepts.
- Equipartition_theorem type Idea105833840.
- Equipartition_theorem type Message106598915.
- Equipartition_theorem type PhysicsTheorems.
- Equipartition_theorem type Proposition106750804.
- Equipartition_theorem type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Equipartition_theorem type Statement106722453.
- Equipartition_theorem type StatisticalMechanicsTheorems.
- Equipartition_theorem type Theorem106752293.
- Equipartition_theorem comment "In classical statistical mechanics, the equipartition theorem is a general formula that relates the temperature of a system with its average energies. The equipartition theorem is also known as the law of equipartition, equipartition of energy, or simply equipartition.".
- Equipartition_theorem label "Equipartitiebeginsel".
- Equipartition_theorem label "Equipartition theorem".
- Equipartition_theorem label "Teorema da equipartição".
- Equipartition_theorem label "Teorema de equipartición".
- Equipartition_theorem label "Teorema di equipartizione dell'energia".
- Equipartition_theorem label "Zasada ekwipartycji energii".
- Equipartition_theorem label "Äquipartitionstheorem".
- Equipartition_theorem label "Équipartition de l'énergie".
- Equipartition_theorem label "Теорема о равнораспределении".
- Equipartition_theorem label "مبرهنة التوزع المتساوي".
- Equipartition_theorem label "エネルギー等配分の法則".
- Equipartition_theorem label "能量均分定理".
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs Ekvipartiční_teorém.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs Äquipartitionstheorem.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs Teorema_de_equipartición.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs Équipartition_de_l'énergie.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs Teorema_ekuipartisi.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs Teorema_di_equipartizione_dell'energia.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs エネルギー等配分の法則.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs 에너지_등분배법칙.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs Equipartitiebeginsel.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs Zasada_ekwipartycji_energii.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs Teorema_da_equipartição.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs m.02kk32.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs Q255996.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs Q255996.
- Equipartition_theorem sameAs Equipartition_theorem.
- Equipartition_theorem wasDerivedFrom Equipartition_theorem?oldid=597590053.
- Equipartition_theorem depiction Thermally_Agitated_Molecule.gif.
- Equipartition_theorem isPrimaryTopicOf Equipartition_theorem.