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- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker abstract "Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker, 554 U.S. 471 (2008), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. The Court ruled in a 5-3 decision that the punitive damages awarded to the victims of the Exxon Valdez oil spill should be reduced from US$2.5 billion to US$500 million.The case was appealed from the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The Ninth Circuit had also ruled that Exxon could be held liable for the reckless conduct of the ship's captain, Joseph J. Hazelwood, who had left the bridge during the disaster and had been drinking vodka that evening. The Supreme Court was split 4-4 on the question of whether Exxon was liable for Hazelwood's action. The result of the split is that the Ninth Circuit's ruling on Exxon's respondeat superior liability for Hazelwood's conduct remains, because Hazelwood acted in a managerial capacity under the Restatement (Second) of Torts Section 909(c) approach to punitive damages.After considering the punitive damage policies of foreign nations, the Court reasoned that although punitive damages were warranted, they may not exceed what Exxon already paid to compensate victims for economic losses, which was about US$500 million. Souter argued that a one-to-one ratio between punitive and compensatory damages was "a fair upper limit" in maritime cases that involved recklessness, compared to the lower liability of negligence or the higher liability of intentional conduct. Souter's reasoning, "The real problem, it seems, is the stark unpredictability of punitive awards," frustrates the goal of punitive damages—deterring reprehensible conduct—because predictable damages create an incentive to continue dangerous misconduct if the personal injury liability is less than the potential profit (e.g. Ford Pinto). Souter suggests giving a "bad man" the chance to look ahead and calculate the consequences of doing or not doing a bad act will deter harmful actions. Souter suggests the upper limits on punitive damages should be as predictable as the legislative range of criminal sentences, yet no minimum for punitive damages were discussed.Justice David Souter wrote for the majority, joined in full by Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, and Clarence Thomas. Justice Samuel Alito took no part in the decision because he owns stock in ExxonMobil.Justice Stevens wrote a separate opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part. Stevens' dissent advocates judicial restraint because Congress has chosen to regulate maritime tort law. Stevens states that the trial court award of $2.5 billion in punitive damages was not an abuse of discretion and should have been affirmed.Of this reasoning, Boston University law professor Keith Hylton said, "The court's elaborate and lengthy argument for the one-to-one ratio is troubling for several reasons. First, the whole discussion was largely unnecessary if the court really wanted to limit its decision to maritime cases. The court's majority appears to be trying to make the case for imposing the one-to-one ratio as a default rule in ordinary civil cases."".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker wikiPageExternalLink getcase.pl?court=US&navby=case&vol=000&invol=07-219.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker wikiPageExternalLink 26punitive.html.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker wikiPageID "18136435".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker wikiPageRevisionID "595004115".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker arguedate "--02-27".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker argueyear "2008".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker citation "17280.0".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker concurrence "Scalia".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker dissent "Breyer".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker dissent "Ginsburg".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker dissent "Stevens".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker decidedate "--06-25".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker decideyear "2008".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker docket "7".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker fullname "Exxon Shipping Company, et al. v. Grant Baker, et al.".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker hasPhotoCollection Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker holding "A ratio of no more than one-to-one between compensatory and punitive damages is generally appropriate in maritime cases. Since Exxon has paid about $507 million to compensate more than 32,000 Alaska Natives, landowners and commercial fishermen for the damage caused by the spill, it should have to pay no more than that amount in punitive damages.".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker joinconcurrence "Thomas".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker joinmajority "Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas; Stevens, Ginsburg, Breyer".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker lawsapplied Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker lawsapplied Restatement_of_Torts,_Second.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker litigants "Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker majority "Souter".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker notparticipating "Alito".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker scotus "2006".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker uspage "471".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker usvol "554".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker subject Category:2008_in_Alaska.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker subject Category:ExxonMobil_litigation.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker subject Category:Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker subject Category:Recklessness_(law).
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker subject Category:Ships_of_ExxonMobil.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker subject Category:United_States_Supreme_Court_cases.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker subject Category:United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_of_the_Roberts_Court.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker subject Category:United_States_admiralty_case_law.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type Abstraction100002137.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type Act100030358.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type Controversy107183151.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type Disagreement107180787.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type Dispute107181935.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type Event100029378.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type ExxonMobilControversies.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type SpeechAct107160883.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type Case.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type LegalCase.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type SupremeCourtOfTheUnitedStatesCase.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type UnitOfWork.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type Event.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker type Situation.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker comment "Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker, 554 U.S. 471 (2008), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. The Court ruled in a 5-3 decision that the punitive damages awarded to the victims of the Exxon Valdez oil spill should be reduced from US$2.5 billion to US$500 million.The case was appealed from the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The Ninth Circuit had also ruled that Exxon could be held liable for the reckless conduct of the ship's captain, Joseph J.".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker label "Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker".
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker sameAs m.04cswz2.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker sameAs Q5422529.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker sameAs Q5422529.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker sameAs Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker wasDerivedFrom Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker?oldid=595004115.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker isPrimaryTopicOf Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker.
- Exxon_Shipping_Co._v._Baker name "Exxon Shipping Company, et al. v. Grant Baker, et al.".