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- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution abstract "The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by Southern states, which were forced to ratify it in order for them to regain representation in the Congress. The Fourteenth Amendment, particularly its first section, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, forming the basis for landmark decisions such as Roe v. Wade (1973), regarding abortion, and Bush v. Gore (2000), regarding the 2000 presidential election. The amendment limits the actions of all state and local officials, including those acting on behalf of such an official.The second, third, and fourth sections of the amendment are seldom, if ever, litigated. The fifth section gives Congress enforcement power. The amendment's first section includes several clauses: the Citizenship Clause, Privileges or Immunities Clause, Due Process Clause, and Equal Protection Clause. The Citizenship Clause provides a broad definition of citizenship, overruling the Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), which had held that Americans descended from African slaves could not be citizens of the United States. The Privileges or Immunities Clause has been interpreted in such a way that it does very little.The Due Process Clause prohibits state and local government officials from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without legislative authorization. This clause has also been used by the federal judiciary to make most of the Bill of Rights applicable to the states, as well as to recognize substantive and procedural requirements that state laws must satisfy.The Equal Protection Clause requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people within its jurisdiction. This clause was the basis for Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court decision that precipitated the dismantling of racial segregation, and for many other decisions rejecting irrational or unnecessary discrimination against people belonging to various groups.".
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution wikiPageExternalLink 14.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution wikiPageExternalLink 1501-1550.pdf.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution wikiPageExternalLink 1607-1640.pdf.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution wikiPageExternalLink amdt14toc_user.html.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution wikiPageExternalLink 14thamendment.html.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution wikiPageExternalLink freedmen-the-fourteenth-amendment-and-the-right.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution wikiPageID "31666".
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution wikiPageRevisionID "606376996".
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution hasPhotoCollection Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution subject Category:1868_in_law.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution subject Category:1868_in_the_United_States.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution subject Category:Amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution subject Category:History_of_civil_rights_in_the_United_States.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution subject Category:Reconstruction_Era.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution subject Category:United_States_Fourteenth_Amendment_case_law.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution type Abstraction100002137.
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- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution comment "The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by Southern states, which were forced to ratify it in order for them to regain representation in the Congress.".
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution label "14. Zusatzartikel zur Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten".
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution label "14. poprawka do Konstytucji Stanów Zjednoczonych".
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution label "Decimocuarta Enmienda a la Constitución de los Estados Unidos".
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution label "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution".
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution label "Veertiende amendement van de grondwet van de Verenigde Staten".
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution label "XIV emendamento della Costituzione degli Stati Uniti d'America".
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution label "XIVe amendement de la Constitution des États-Unis".
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution label "Четырнадцатая поправка к Конституции США".
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution label "アメリカ合衆国憲法修正第14条".
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution label "美利坚合众国宪法第十四条修正案".
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- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution sameAs XIV_emendamento_della_Costituzione_degli_Stati_Uniti_d'America.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution sameAs アメリカ合衆国憲法修正第14条.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution sameAs 미국_수정_헌법_제14조.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution sameAs Veertiende_amendement_van_de_grondwet_van_de_Verenigde_Staten.
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- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution sameAs Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution wasDerivedFrom Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution?oldid=606376996.
- Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution isPrimaryTopicOf Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution.