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- Fraser_Darling_effect abstract "The Fraser Darling effect, named after Sir Frank Fraser Darling, who proposed it in 1938, is the simultaneous and shortened breeding season that occurs in large colonies of birds. This synchronized and accelerated breeding leads to a greater chance of survival for each individual offspring. While studying herring gulls off the English coast, Fraser Darling noticed that individual gulls rarely raised their young past the fledgling stage. This led him to the conclusion that the birds received sexual stimulation not only from their mates but also from other birds of the same species.In 1956, a study conducted by Colson and White on the mating patterns of kittiwake showed that the effect only extended for two metres and that, for groups of birds who nested more sparsely, a longer breeding time was evident in the population as a whole. However, this particular species nested in areas that were hard for predators to reach and therefore relied less on this phenomenon than other species that were more vulnerable to predation. In 1968, while studying gulls, Horn found that "clumped nesting improves foraging efficiency and predation avoidance only when the colony is built in a large expanse of nesting habitat, surrounded by abundant, but patchily distributed food."Since Fraser Darling's initial observation, the phenomenon has also been observed in Brewer's Blackbirds, European Herring Gulls, Black-headed Gulls, and gannets; however, other studies conducted since have not been able to confirm it in other various species of gulls.".
- Fraser_Darling_effect thumbnail Gullisland.jpg?width=300.
- Fraser_Darling_effect wikiPageID "35961562".
- Fraser_Darling_effect wikiPageRevisionID "594158391".
- Fraser_Darling_effect hasPhotoCollection Fraser_Darling_effect.
- Fraser_Darling_effect subject Category:Bird_breeding.
- Fraser_Darling_effect subject Category:Ethology.
- Fraser_Darling_effect subject Category:Ornithology.
- Fraser_Darling_effect subject Category:Sociobiology.
- Fraser_Darling_effect comment "The Fraser Darling effect, named after Sir Frank Fraser Darling, who proposed it in 1938, is the simultaneous and shortened breeding season that occurs in large colonies of birds. This synchronized and accelerated breeding leads to a greater chance of survival for each individual offspring. While studying herring gulls off the English coast, Fraser Darling noticed that individual gulls rarely raised their young past the fledgling stage.".
- Fraser_Darling_effect label "Fraser Darling effect".
- Fraser_Darling_effect sameAs m.0j_5l3j.
- Fraser_Darling_effect sameAs Q5493587.
- Fraser_Darling_effect sameAs Q5493587.
- Fraser_Darling_effect wasDerivedFrom Fraser_Darling_effect?oldid=594158391.
- Fraser_Darling_effect depiction Gullisland.jpg.
- Fraser_Darling_effect isPrimaryTopicOf Fraser_Darling_effect.
